Design and Implementation of Galvanic Skin Resistance

Design and Implementation of Galvanic skin confrontationCAREER EPISODE 1IntroductionCE1.1Chronology 2007-2011Name of the organization Netaji Subhash app broodd science College.Geographical location West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, IndiaProject Title Galvanic sputter shelterPosition Undergraduate Student (Bio Medical Engineer)BackgroundCE1.2This race episode reflects a brief summary of my contribution towards the successful closing of the rove which I did in my 8th semester of my bachelor degree in Biomedical Engineering at Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata, India and how I managed the technical problems to the topper of my knowledge. I ensured that I have provided genuine information and also ensured that I have mentioned both point of my experience.Aim and ObjectiveCE1.2.1The main drive of this reckon is to design and implement the Galvanic Skin Resistance.Organizational graphCE 1.2.2Roles and ResponsibilitiesCE 1.2.3Major atomic number 18 as of my responsibilities were as followsAs Bio medical manoeuver is actively working in numerous fields like designing, developing, aviation, and go on equipment.Provide engineering and technical expertise on all matters cerebrate to innovative technology, especially in the work out of planning, review and evaluation.Responsible for planning, schedule and coordinating the technical aspects of hears.Discussion with the make guide and Head of incision on ways to improve the design and to optimize performance.Ensure effectual engineering and take to guide communications.Listing down the selected items for projects and testing them. do with team members to generate ideas and clarify specificationsPerform other duties at heart the setting of the clientele and its technical capacity and expertise.Finally, I prepared a project report.Personal Engineering ActivityCE 1.3Based on my knowledge, I app deceptiond the ideas and concepts to forecast how to accomplish the project. My plan twisty determining where to endow the components and how to connect them, determining the size of the components utilize, subject to performance criteria such as the grade of service. Initially, I collected the substantial amount of information that provided me with ample knowledge needful to commence the project work.Galvanic come up apologyCE 1.3.1During this project, I studied skin conductance also known as electrical skin response, EDR, PGR, SCR and SCL is a method of measuring the electric caral conductance of the skin, which varies with its moisture level. The excrete glands are controlled by thesympathetic nervous system,so I used skin conductance as an index number of psychological or physiologicalarousal. I did research of electro cutaneous exertion and dealt with voluntary fluctuations or reactions to stimuli. Our device mensurations theelectrical conductancebetween 2 points and is essentially a compositors case of ohmmeter. When mightily calibrated, the skin conductance can legal community these subtle differences.CE 1.3.2I analyze in that location is a relationship between sympathetic activity and worked up arousal, although one cannot identify which specific emotion is being elicited. We reason the subway instead of impedance its measured in ohms and may includeresistance (R),inductive reactance(XL), andcapacitive reactance(XC). I used Resistance concept for DC (direct currents) whereas impedance is the AC (alternating current) equivalent. I considered the galvanic skin response (GSR) feedback instrument measures skin conductivity from the fingers and palms. I used GSR feedback in the treatment of excessive sweating (hyperhydorses), cogitate dermatological conditions, relaxing and desensitization training. I used the polygraph or lie detector in police investigation which is especially used in the United States. The lie detector uses the galvanic skin response to bushel if the subject is lying or not.HypnotherapyCE 1.3 .3I have undertaken the Hypnotherapy with a subject in hypnosis. A person who is hypnotized displays certain anomalous characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject. I used Hypnotherapy in relation to childbirth and aroundtimes used during pregnancy to prepare a mother for birth, childbirth to lose weight apprehension, discomfort and pain. Since sweat gland activity is controlled by sympathetic warmness activity, I considered this measurement as an ideal way to monitor the involuntary nervous system. We depict to underlie theelectro dermal response(EDR) to sympathetic stimulation.Physiology of the skinCE 1.3.4I considered the interpretation of skin conductance or skin potential requires some understanding about the structure of tissues and beneath the skin surface. I researched the most superficial layer is called theepidermisand consists of the course of instruction corneum, thestratum lucidum, thegranular layer, theprickle cell layer, and thebasal orgerminating layer. The surface of the corneum (i.e. surface of the skin) is tranquil of dead cells, while at its base one finds healthy, living cells. We increase the conductance results from the hydration of the corneum due to the flow of sweat crossways the duct walls. As a consequence the effective skin conductance can vary greatly, depending on present and past eccrine activity.CE 1.3.5Later, I noticed that the lading of ducts with sweat can be taking place before any release of sweat from the skin surface or noticeable distribution into the corneum. I noticed that the main function of the skin is to protect the remains from the environment. One aspect is to prevent the loss of piss by the body. However, at the same time, the evaporation of water as a means of regularisation body temperature must be facilitated. I carried out the requirements by the stratum corneum as a barrier layer that prevents the loss of water to the outside except through with(predicate) the swea t glands, whose activity can be controlled. This in turn is mediate by the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system. I implemented the simple and basic concept underlying EDR and its application to psychophysiology.Electro dermal measuresCE 1.3.6I monitored the electro dermal response is associated with sweat gland activity is well established. And there are cardinal major measures of the electro dermal response. I researched whether the measurement is of the (tonic) background level (L), or the time-varying (phasic) response (R) type. I unresolved simple ideas that lead to a number of specific measures, each described by a three letter-abbreviation. I used abbreviations to distinguish the type ofelectro dermal measurements and Structure of skin resistance with equivalent electrical circuit. I suggested the epidermis that consists of keratin derived from dead cells of lower layers arranged in a flattened irregular fashion. When a person is tense or emotional, the sweat glands become more active, increasing moisture on the skin this allows the electric current to flow more readily. I used this response in relaxation training.Theoretical Considerations Basic Block diagramCircuit Diagram Of +- D.C 15v RegulatedCE 1.3.7I checked every IC should be supplied with positive and negative dc potencys of +15 and 15 volts respectively. We measured the product at the pin-6 with respect to the breadboard ground. Pins 1 and 5 are used for output offset voltage compensation. These two pins are not required for normal applications.GSR SENSORSCE 1.3.8GSR Sensors was believed a lack of salivation was attributed to anxiety and therefore guilt with todays technology. I checked there is no need for rice as biomedical sensors can measure skin conductivity from the fingers and palms to provide a modern mechanism to measure emotions. I understood theGSR sensoris highly sensitive to emotions in some large number and can be used as a polygraph, or lie detector test.I used theS220 Ga lvanic Skin Response (GSR) Sensor tomeasure the psycho-galvanic physiological reaction. This reflex generates a change in skin conductivity during periods of stress, excitement or shock. Galvanic Skin Response GSR sensor is just a cut 9V LEGO motor wire and some aluminum foil disguised around fingers with tape.WIRELESSS GSR SENSORCE 1.3.9I considered the gleaming GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) to monitor skin conductivity between two useful electrodes attached to two fingers of one hand. We connected the period of play GSR to the Shimmer main board via the internal connector pin, and its contained within the Shimmer enclosure, with two leads connecting to the fingertip electrodes.Pin Diagram of V-F ConvertorCE 1.3.10I checked LM231/LM331 family of voltage-to-frequency converters is ideally suited for simple low-cost circuits like analog-to-digital conversion, precision frequency-to-voltage conversion, and umpteen other functions. I considered the inherent advantages of the volta ge-to-frequency conversion techniques its easy to collapse in all standard voltage-to-frequency converter applications. We divided the entire project work into several subdivisions and the work was done hence. The subdivisions includes the design and fabrication of the big businessman supply unit, V-I conversion, V-F conversion and Skin response monitoring through calibration.The reason supply unitCE 1.3.11Our objective was to obtain a continuous D.C current source from an A.C source. Initially the 220volt A.C power supply was allowed to pass through a Transformer. I used a step down transformer and obtained the sought after output. It resulted in a stepped down current supply of about +-18volt which was in turn subjected to a bridge rectifier for rectification. We converted the voltage to current and I used two major integrated circuits IC741 and IC LM331. I involved the measurement of resistance or conductance between two electrodes placed in the demarcated region of the ski n. I was responsible for tabulated the obtained results accordingly. From the obtained result, graphical interpretation was carried off and accordingly we carried out the calibration as per skin response.Calculation formulationsCE 1.3.12I found the incubus current IL passing through the load resistance RL. From Ohms law we can wrote, V= IL*RL. I found the output voltage through the potential divider carrying the previously calculated load current. I calculated the output voltage across the load resistance and from the rule of potential divider isVo= (RL/(R+RL))*VCC.where Vo= output voltageI tabulated the results with the above mentioned formulae by changing the skin resistance. I compared the applicative set and theoretical values and evaluated that practical values were very jam to theoretical values. And I observed the output frequency from the previously calculated input voltage or the v-f conversion.Fout= (Vin/ (2.09*Vcc))*(Rs/RL)*(1/RtCt)CE 1.3.13The successful completion of this project provided me an opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge into real time job application. I could accomplish this task successfully by studying every process of developing in detail with its specifications and implementation. I got positive undertake and approval from guide for other projects. I had a meeting with the project guide and team members to understand the requirement. I had to complete this project within the given deadline based on the requirements.Technical Difficulties faced by meCE 1.3.14I faced some difficulties like the validity of this technique has been oftentimes disputed, because there is no way of knowing for sure that the stimulus provided by the researcher (the advertisement) was the cause of the response. Its proponents argue that it is more objective than research that relies on voluntary responses like interviews or surveys.The other difficulties are Sources causes of skin resistance and its properties were providing certain difficul ties to be understood and counteracted.SummaryCE 1.4Galvanic skin resistance, commonly called the GSR is the measurement of electrical resistance of skin. In the project we have produced a calibration curve by plotting frequency against the comparable change of skin resistance. The errors that may have cropped up in the process such as Manual errors, Assumption errors, System and instrument errors, ambient factors and external errors, Presence of sweat on skin and Presence Skin hair etc. We found the resistance of the skin by placing two electrodes on the epidermis and noting down the corresponding frequency. I checked the values from the calibration curve, the value of the resistance can be known. We designed a simple GSR was more or less successful as the practical results were very close to the theoretical values.