Persuasive speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

weighty speech - Essay ExampleMore and more car accidents are declared to be cellular tele remember phone related, worldwide. According to Vogel (2007), horrific dangers associated with text operate equal those associated with drink casing, in terms of inhibiting a persons parkway abilities. This is more commonly observed in teen drivers, among whom text driving is on a mind-blowing rise despite the continuous efforts of increasing awareness about this issue. This is a deplorable fact that only a minimal percentage of young adults consider text driving potentially capable of distraction leading to awful traffic problems. It is this defiant attitude that is an obstruction in the way of ensuring responsible driving. According to the National Traffic Safety Administration report (cited in Vogel, 2007), disconcert drivers account for almost 80% of all crashes and 65% of near-crashes in the United States, only. The question is, when the public, especially youth, allow for finally open their eyes to the drastic effects of texting while driving? Is the use of cell phone while driving in heavy traffic so important that one can feasibly tailor ones own safety in addition to ruining the safety chances of other piles lives? I cannot imagine anyone saying yes to the unjustified use of cell phones while in the center of traffic, if the consequences of this action are seriously scrutinized.Car crashes due to calling and texting amidst traffic cannot be accurately evaluated or numbered, but this is a general consensus that cell phone use definitely leads to distraction which is the leading cause of car accidents. According to 2008 statistical data regarding the use of cell phones while driving, at any condition moment, over 800,000 Americans were texting, making calls, or using a handheld cell phone while driving during the daytime. (cited in Edgar Synder and & Associates, 2010). Research studies of Strayer (cited in Cruz et al., 2009) show that most drivers tend t o stare

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility Essay

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility - Essay ExampleThen, a discussion of the controversies that unnatural Nike will follow in the context of corporate governance and CSR. The preceding section will listing the corporate governance and CSR practices within the organization including the stir of such measures for Nike today. 2.0 Company Overview Nike is the leading sports footwear and curry manufacturer throughout the world. It has more than 30 long time of experience in developing high executing and innovative shoes. In recent market reports, Nike holds at least 30 percent market sh atomic number 18, a comfortable lead from its closest rival, the German brand Adidas. (Van Riper 2008) Nike as a brand is the strongest among its competitors. This has been achieved through years of careful brand promotions that have exposed Nike to the widest possible population and earned it as one of the American icons next to Coca-cola, IBM, Microsoft, Walt Disney, among others. Nike in its overall organizational strategy from product development to sales and promotions is unique in comparison with all the rest of the major players in the footwear and related industries. If one examines its strategy, the company focuses such(prenominal) on brand-building recruiting the best athletes in every sport to endorse its brands and reinforce the image it has carefully polished throughout the years. Nikes history, however, is not written with success stories exclusively. The fact is that it is punctuated with several controversies involving unethical practices. The following cases are some examples Nike was widely criticized back in the 1990s later on a series of news reports airy in CBS recounted the unfair conditions and practices of the companys manufacturing facilities in Vietnam and Indonesia. The report cited the payment of below minimum rent to its employees charges of employee physical abuse and, the forced running of laps by employees who wore nonregulation shoes. (Jackson, Sawyer and Jenkins, p. 17) The child labor controversy in Pakistan and other third world countries. Nike was sued for false advertising in a California court after Marc Kasky accused the company of issuing false and misleading statements, prompting a protracted and yet unsolved debate about whether Nikes campaign of press releases, advertisements, and other promotional measures to defend its business practices effect free speech or commercial information. (LEtang & Peiczka, p. 56) The manner by which Nike sought to quell these controversies underscored how they value their report and how unethical practices could severely impact their market performance. Crucial to the measures taken by the organization to deal with the to a higher place crises was the adoption of corporate social business practices. Writing about this development in 2001 for The Independent, Steve Boggan (2001) reported, Nike attempted to largess itself to its shareholders in its first corpor ate responsibility report as a touchy-feely entity established by skinny runners and employing young executives who worried about the environment and the level of wages it paid. 3.0 Corporate social responsibility The old adage stating that the only business of business organizations is business is thought to be outdated and no longer applicable today. In the current global scenario, explained Fernando (2009), competition is more cutthroat, requiring corporations to pause and ponder upon the impact of their business on the global community in general and their key stakeholders in particular

Joseph Stalin Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Joseph Stalin Politics - Research Paper ExampleHe became a Marxist revolutionary. For that he was persecuted, arrested, even exiled to Siberia. Yet he always escaped and continued his work underground. He organized strikes, protests, was spreading propaganda, etc. He quickly gained popularity with the Bolsheviks and was personally working together with Lenin. During the Bolsheviks seize of power in 1917 Stalins involvement was not of any significance. (Kuromiya 34) However, he quickly raised(a) ranks in the Communist party and was assigned to the position of general secretary of the Communist Party in 1922. (54) This title was not considered high-ranking, but it gave him the opportunity to build a base of support. In 1924, after the remnant of Lenin, Stalin announced himself his official heir. He managed to outmaneuver other party leaders in the fight for the point political seat of the USSR. (Service 3) In effect, by the late 20s he became the dictator of the Soviet Union. Stalin implemented a system of forced collectivization and industrialization of agriculture. Millions of people had to pay for it with their very lives. He also created a new program of rapid industrialization and as the result economy reached exceeding increases in the productivity, albeit at a great cost. The Great Terror started in the 1930s when Stalin decided to regorge the party of enemies of the people thousands of suspected citizens were executed and millions exiled to slave labor camps, of which the whole network, known as gulag, was created.

Community 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community 2 - Essay ExampleIt is important to acknowledge that resources are always. Otherwise, the unattached resources can be used to produce good services when used properly. The infirmary under get wind has a number of critical issues. The approach seducen towards realizing solutions is important.The death of Mr. B could be controlled if the hospital could follow through relevant policies. It is necessary to appreciate the existence of the hospital in the rural area. Accessibility to the nearest wellness center has been a challenge to many communities. The next issue is whether the rural hospitals have enough resources to contend tasks. Rural hospitals act as supplements for well established hospitals. For instance, the unit can only accommodate 60 beds. It only handles emergencies which should then be referred to big hospitals (Holzemer, 2012). Embracing quality leadership skills is helping in ensuring that the hospital operates successfully in order to avoid such as Mr. B s. Despite the fact that the hospital is in a rural area, it could handle if proper it took proper measures into account.The hospital lacked adequate mechanism to distinguish Mr. Bs problem. It either failed to give him attention at first or was not liable to handle him. Mr. B complained of severe pain to his leg. The initial results could not justify his feelings. The hospital did not give the patent a proper response to the pains that he was claiming about (Holzemer, 2012). Hospitals and emergency units would use the remunerate mechanisms when responding to issues. The hospital culture can be blamed for worsening of the patients situation at the facility. Leadership quality functions to implement policies that enable an organization to produce efficient services. The management needs to book the right skills in ensuring that the hospital meets the needs of the community.The case reveals that some problems are caused by patents. People should be in the forefront of caring for t heir lives. It is upon a

Census research Koreans in LA Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Census Koreans in LA - Research aim ExampleThis population continues to enlarge since the historic immigration into Bunker Hill two decades in the elicit of the 20th century (Theme 98). Bunker Hill is in current Los Angeles. Then, this region was designated for non-whites and ethnic minorities were allowed to reside during the root two decades of the century. Earliest Korean immigrants into the US had domestic and casual jobs, which involved hard labor in manufacturing and different operating plants. The Korean community migrated into geographical territory covering the region from Vermont Streets and Normandie. This area is the present-day Korea Town, California.By the 1950s, Los Angeles received the second wave of ethnic Korean immigrants from the Korean War. This population combined with the descendants of the first-wave immigration influx of the 1900s and the demographics began to soar amid rising birth rates and continued intermarriage interaction with other races. Most of the Korean population worked as truck drivers, waiters, and domestic workers for most of the 20th century (Gives 87). range demographic statistics indicates that Korean Americans living in California account for 18.5 % of the entire ethnic Korean demographic in the United States (Min 67). Los Angeles County is home to over half a million ethnic Korean demographic includes intermarried and those of interracial

The Police Interaction with the Criminal Justice System Term Paper - 1

The patrol Interaction with the Criminal Justice System - Term Paper showcaseCommunity policing has become the national mantra of the American patrol. For more than 15 years police officers, problem-oriented policing and community pick out been advanced as powerful organizing themes of public safety. The term police, itself means civil administration and police departments pee-pee been in charge of the administration of the city, unlike the military force. The police represent the civil power of government. The get-go organized American police department was created in Boston in 1838. The police forces have been deployed during riots and they worked jibe to the instructions provided to them by the administrative departments. The hierarchy of police system is directly under the political parties and it has resulted in distrust of people on police forces. It has been observed that the police system works for public wellbeing and they play a pivotal role in maintaining peace and safety in the society. The police departments of get together States of America are divided into some(prenominal) departments and agencies. The most prominent police department is the New York Police Department, which is accountable for any kind of criminal occupation in the society. Each and every criminal activity is recorded in the file of the New York Police Department and this department is situated in several places in order to assure public safety. There are many similarities in the working fashion of the of the urban police system at present compared to the past. With the interference of external pressures including demands for honesty, efficiency, and crime control the revolve about of the police system has narrowed on crime. Criminal activities are first reported to police departments and they bewilder legal and ethical actions to resolve the problems associated with the crime and present people convicted of the crime to the justice system. From a yon past to prese nt it has been observed that much interference of political parties and capitalists in the working system of police has resulted in ignorance towards small crimes.

CISCO Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CISCO Case Study - look into Paper Example2). This means that dynamism has been the strategical plan of attack of the company and in doing this, it has made the correct globe its platform for operation. Hitherto, Cisco began a right company to include in the Partnership for Lebanon (PFL) when it became needed to put together five companies to send relief to the country in various ways. If for nothing at each(prenominal), functions of corporate social responsibility are part of a globalised dynamic dodge and so mate the vision and culture of Cisco squarely. CSR Lessons Reading through the case, there are several(prenominal) key strategic lessons that any senior manager of hurtles within a company could adapt. The first of this has to do with the use of integrating in both the approach and stakeholder base. That is, the Partnership for Lebanon, as the name implies, was undertaken in an integrated or confederation manner. Integration has been found to hold the key to the many another(prenominal) failures recorded in project management in terms of effectiveness and efficiency (Nonis & Swift, 2001). This is so because most project managers tend to take up all the task of project instruction execution and execution or at best include only a few stakeholders. Once this happens, there tend to be inefficiency and ineffectiveness because very little is achieved within a longer time frame and what is achieved is hardly guaranteed of quality. From the manner in which the Partnership for Lebanon was implement using as many stakeholders and agents as possible, it is important that senior managers always adapt an employee involvement approach when carrying out major projects. In terms of approaches too, it could be seen that as many as five criteria were set for the implementation and hurry of the development program. In light of this, senior managers are admonished to always have a backup strategy that they squirt fall on in case substantive strategies fail. Alternatively, they may choose to use many strategies at a go so the weaknesses of some of the strategies will be overshadowed by the strengths of others. The second lesson that can be learned in terms of implementation and running of development programs has to do with the implementation approach adapted by the stakeholders. Indeed, not only did the stakeholders have a differentiating approach that was made up of several different strategies. What is more, the approach that was adapted when implementing the strategies gives a strong signal to senior managers. The implementation approach is what could be referred to as the spiral implementation approach. In such spiral implementation approach, the strategies or tasks in implementation are prioritized. The prioritization is made to move from the less complex to the most complex. Complexity could be defined in terms of cost, urgency, relevance and resource demand. In whatever the case, the ones that demand less are first implemented b efore jumping on to the ones that demand more (Norberg, 2000). In the present case, we read about stakeholders of the project at the April 2007 conference in Paris, deciding on the immediate priorities to

The World The Way the Migrant Worker Is Aligned With the Theme Park Essay

The earth The Way the Migrant Worker Is Aligned With the Theme Park Employee - Essay ExampleIn the movie, unrivaledness limitation of Chinese modernization is shown in the problem of language barrier. In one scene, Tao could not intercommunicate Russian in the same way that Anna could not discourse Chinese, and no matter how much they seemed to generalise each some an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s emotions, it was not enough. The only thing that they could afford to say was each others names and apart from that, they could not say any other word in the other persons language. When they met in the bathroom, when Anna asked Tao, How are you? Why are you looking at me like that? in some way both knew that it was because Anna became a prostitute. Moreover, Tao and Anna simply cried with Tao not even realizing that what Anna meant that time was that she has resigned herself to becoming a prostitute. On the other hand, Tao seemed clueless why such a thing happened. Perhaps too, she was crying out of confusion, because she could not distinctly understand why Anna had to become a prostitute. The language barrier between Anna and Tao is somehow reflective of the alternatively limited context of Chinese modernization. China is modernized but not in terms of language, perhaps in order to prevent communication of important issues between people like Tao and Anna, while at the same time perhaps because China discriminates against foreigners like Anna. However, Anna sees the positive side of this when she told Tao, We do not speak the same language but we are friends. You are the only friend I have here. Nevertheless, although knowledge abounds between two people of different languages, it is still obviously extremely difficult for each one of them to express their true sentiments to each other, considering that both may think the other may not only understand her.In the same scene where Anna had to become a prostitute, it also illustrates the exploitation of bo th the migrator worker and the theme park employee.In a scene, before both women met in the bathroom, a Chinese man in coat and tie approached Tao just along the hallway at the bar.

'With reference to the serious case review, critically evaluate the Essay

With reference to the serious case review, critically evaluate the sorrow of services in the case of Kyra Ishaq - Essay ExampleThis report is based on making an judging of hardship of services in the case of Khyra Ishaq. The objective of the report is to highlight missed opportunities which could have resulted in better outcome and might have helped to save the life of Khyra Ishaq.The death of Khyra Ishaq was primarily suspected to be due to the failures of local services. The doctors across different activities were not in complete control of every particular as communication was hindered, misplaced or merely not commenced seriously. Any kind of signifi nominatet decisions number on individual services. In decision making, entropy sharing is a significant aspect and can determine the effectiveness of service provision. A significant number of neglected incidents related to the involvement by professionals have been observed in the death case of Khyra Ishaq (Macmillan Publisher s Limited, 2012). The reason for such negligence was due to failure of proper administration to reach to the right divisions, failure to follow protection procedure and failure to assume systematic military ratings to case closure, resulting in poor knowledge and information about the condition of Khyra Ishaq (Devon County Council, 2008).Domestic mistreatment is one and only(a) of the vital aspects found in the death case of Khyra Ishaq. It was estimated that in 2010, about 200,000 children living in the households of the UK were characterised by high level of domestic mistreatment and violence (Radford, 2010). These issues were prevalent in the case of Khyra Ishaq. Reviewing the case of Khyra Ishaq reveals the fact that information regarding domestic mistreatment and violence was not understood or shared by respective social agencies. The evaluation of condition of Khyra Ishaq was not satisfactorily rigour and strict. Family and environmental issues and child-rearing capability c omponents had received slight or limit regard from every department of

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Leadership - Assignment ExampleThe draw facilitates the movement towards accomplishing organisational goals. Several types of leading apply been identified over the years, with traditional approaches before the 21st century characterized as command and control styles. From this description, the leader assumes a strict, firm, no-questions-asked stance, with his word considered as the law by his followers. Such an approach is not appropriate any longer in these contemporary times. This essay shall discuss the various leaders models conceptualized by theorists, scholars and researchers as observed in different settings. It will also associate the relevant leadership approaches to a large corporation, RasGas Company moderate in Quatar.a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, eth ics, character, knowledge, and skills (para.3).To a great leader his destination is clear. Thus, he maps out the directions for his members to navigate towards that vision. He works with others on strategies to achieve their goals and not pull the limelight to himself. This is very empowering for his followers, and they develop the needed self-confidence in their abilities which pushes them to embrace challenges and opportunities. Their leaders positive influence earns him the respect he deserves, so everyone follows him in the pursuit of a shared mission for the growth and development of their organization (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003).In work environments, leadership may be distinguished from management. Leadership is the provision of direction to the organization, sharing an overview of the plans they share, coming up with organizational standards and making decisions for the welfare of the whole organization. Management, on the other hand, management is concerned

Health and Social Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Social Care - audition Exampleg. the development of Type II diabetes. However the most definable kind of aging is the chronological aging which refers to the advancement in years that people changees. (Marcia, 1980)As people age they undergone various changes in all aspects of their like. This paper will look into details of aging, the changes that people undergo as they age and the ease they force out get from social creamers. Let us first look at the changes people undergo by looking at the positionors that may lead to loss of identity.There are various factors that screw lead to loss of identity as people age. These factors butt end take social and biological dimensions. numerous studies pee-pee explored these factors and have described the role of biological and social factors that leads some aspects like dementia which suit of clothes loss of identity.Biological factors like cellular memory loss and degeneration of brain cells are have been pointed as lead ing factors in loss of identity. Protein damage of cells which can be attributed to biological process can be held responsible for change in the memory which leads to loss of identity. But biological factors needs the cause of the environment in order to express the genetic make up. So it is the social factors that can broadly be held responsible for this loss. It depends with the angle of your argument on loss of identity.We know ourselves We know ourselves because we identify ourselves. ace of the greatest psychologists who looked closely at the conjecture of identity in aging was Erick Erickson. Erickson formulated several stages of development. Ericksons theory of soulfulnessality insisted on the Freudian theory but can be described as Neo-Freudian. He was described by many other authors as ego psychologist from his work on stages of development. His study whole kit is marked by a conflict whose resolution results in a favorable outcome. Erickson confinesed the favorable outcomes of to each one stage as virtues which come out of the conflict in each stage of growth. In his work on those conflicts, Erickson identifies two conflicts in the old age, Ego versus Despair. According to Erickson, the Ego identity enables each person to have a palpate of individuality. Erickson described stressed that Ego identity, then, in its subjective aspect, is the awareness of the fact that there is a self-sameness and continuity to the egos synthesizing method and a continuity of ones meaning for others. In his work, Erickson came up with the term identity Crisis which showed the actual conflicts that people undergone in life. He described identity crisis as a clip which is marked by intensive analysis and exploration of different ways of in which some ashes looks at oneself. He traced the identity crisis from the time of childhood and traces it up to the old age. In all these stages, Erickson identified different types of identity crisis that we undergo through in life. Erickson defined identity as a subjective sense as well as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity, paired with some intuitive feeling in the sameness and continuity of some shared world image. As a quality of unself-conscious living, this can be gloriously obvious in a young person who has found himself as he has found his communality. In him we see emerge a unique unification of what is irreversibly given - that is, body type and temperament, giftedness and vulnerability, infantile models and

Case Study #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study 2 - Essay ExampleHealth wise, in their old age, this group of multitude is susceptible to a variety of ailments that can negatively impact on their welf be. It can be state that the major problem associated with large quantities of weight-lift in bodies of older people is that it increases the risk of developing chronic diseases that are often life threatening.Conceptually, excess iron in the personify has negative impacts in that it can cause chronic diseases among the elderly as stated above. However, it has to be noted that iron plays a very important role in the human body. According to Harmes (N.D.), Iron is a mineral employ by the body in the production of red blood cells. Specifically, iron is used in the production of haemoglobin which is the main protein in red blood cells and this substance carries oxygen throughout the body. From this assertion, it can also be seen that without iron, the body will not be able to function decent given that the other parts w ill have inadequate oxygen. It can be argued that there are many factors, such as gender, health status, iron status, and intake of other dietary factors such as fibre that affect the way the body absorbs iron. In this case study population of the elderly American people, about one-fifth of the total daily iron intake is derived from iron-fortified cereals. However, further study is needed to gibe which foods, including iron-fortified foods contribute to increased iron levels. Basically, there is need for a fine balance in the levels of iron in the body so as to avoid both risks associated with its inadequacy or its excessive quantities in the body.Given that the elderly are at risk of high iron stores in their bodies, it is recommendable for these elderly persons to ask a physician about their nutritional requirements before they embark on an iron supplementation programme. Consulting a physician first

IT Systems Planning and Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT Systems Planning and Acquisition - Essay ExampleHowever, usually subsequently in execution of the project, the stakeholders or beneficiary organization may require some additional or different softw be modules or deliverables as defined in the project desktop document, this phenomenon referred as context shade. range creep refers to the change in a projects scope after the project work has started. Typically, the scope expands by the addition of new features to an already approved feature list. As a result, the project drifts apart from its original purpose, timeline, and budget. (Alexandrou, 2011). In 2011, the baker and Greer provided guidelines and shared the top 8 best practices for minimizing and avoiding scope creep of the project. I do agree that by implementing the guidelines of the Baker and Greer, the project manager may minimize the scope creep but the guidelines should more be refined and expanded in order to avoid or go through the scope creep of a project. In this document I would discuss the guidelines provided by the Baker and Greer, test them critically and would add the best practices or guidelines provided by other great authors along with the rationale. ... There are certain reasons for the scope creep have been identified include poor requirements analysis, involving the users in the later phases of the project, ignoring the twirl of the project, change control lacking and Gold plating. Some more reasons include miscommunication with customer, insincere customer with an firm policy of value for free, week project management methodology and resources (Vandermilt, 2011). It is pertinent to mention here that the Baker and Greer have not taken into account some of the reasons of scope creep in their guidelines that are mentioned above. Therefore, in order to avoid or minimizing the guidelines may be expanded and enhanced by including a be after for scope creep, getting formal signoff from the customer, document change control, re viewing the similar projects and lesson learnt reports, using standards for project management and cognizant project management professionals (Bellanca, 2010). Scope creep rises from commencement of the project cod to ambiguous planning. Therefore, it would be recommended to split up a plan for scope creep in which rules for handling the scope creep would be mentioned. Scope creep should be handled from the beginning to an end of the project through prescribed change control document. heighten control refers to variation to the business processes, user or the technical requirements once sign-off has been taken place on the project scope document. Scope creep happens more repeatedly when formal sign-off the stakeholders have not sign(a) off the project scope document. A number of business cultures evades the actual signing-offs the project scope document, due to the fear of responsibility ambiguous and incomplete requirements.

The life AND death of Tiberius Gracchus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The life AND death of Tiberius Gracchus - Essay ExampleTiberius began his war machine carrier during the Third Punic war when he was appointed in a military tribune devoted to Scipio Aemilianus (his brother in law) staff. The period he served under Aemilianus as a military tribune built his term making him popular, thanks to his bravery and discipline. He is remembered as the first of his kind to scale the enemy walls. His great(p) performance earned him another traitificant appointment in 137 BC as the questor to consul Gaius Hostilius Mancinus. This position cut him serve in Numantia , a region found in the Hispania province. Here, he was among the army that took part in the botched Numantine that saw mancinus army suffer major defeats. During this war Mancinus make an unwise decision of withdrawing his army at night causing not only the defeat but also loss of their self-will as their camp was looted. Seeing the danger that lingered, particularly on the army, Tiberius took advantage of his position as quaestor to sign a peace treaty with the Numantines against the general requirement that required a legate to complete the signing. During the negotiation, Tiberius revisited the adventures of Tiberiu elder (the father), who equally fought in Spain but negotiated a peace accord with (Numantines, 24). This move caused him be regarded highly by the Numantines so much that when they discovered their army had taken his ledger in the process of despoiling the Roman camp, they made arrangement to have him get it back. Such is the case that they invited him in person, throwing a banquet in his awarding and allowed him not only to recover his ledger but also take any other affaire he wished to have from the spoils. Tiberius integrity could not permit him to do as they asked but instead he took back his ledger and only accepted some incense used for sacrificial rituals. There was so much frenzy in Rome on account of this

Portfolio Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Portfolio Analysis - Essay ExampleThe hospital is recognize for several run including Geriatrics, women services, emergency services, plastic surgery, substance abuse, vascular surgery, ambulatory surgery and Oncology (Sultz, 2008). This paper is freeing to carry out a portfolio analysis of some of the products and services in Johns Hopkins Hospital in an struggle to gauge the mart position of the hospital in relation to its sh are market and also charm the service and products rate growth. Profitable concerns in the hospital indicate that portfolio analyses are better applicable when portfolio matrixes are used as they put into consideration profit dimensions. Such profitable dimensions are measured in terms of low or high profitability in relation to either negative or positive flow of cash or invested capital returns (Sultz, 2008). Portfolio Analysis Portfolio Analysis categorize products and services of an nerve into several categories with the help of graphic matrix so as to bring out the differences among services and products of occurrence organization in relation to their growth rate in the market and the market share relativity. The categories accept stars, problem children and children and cash cows. Market share relativity in this analysis is viewed as being the market share occupied by the biggest rival of an organization in comparison with the market share of some other organizations that downfall chthonian the same sept of services and products. To determine the growth rate, the changes in gross patient services levels of revenue are measured or at times the service or commonwealth growth. The classification is in terms of low, high and medium and this is reached at by comparing the figures of such services and products to those of the national health care growth, alternative investments and prime rates (McMillan, 2011). Stars The services and products offered by the Hospital which fall under this category include Geriatrics, oncolo gy and womens services. These services are under this category because they invite proved to have a market growth that is high as well as high market shares. The benefit realized from such services are also high. These are products and services that Johns Hopkins Hospital makes the approximately of and gains a lot from in most situations. However, as a result of the services and products being highly profitable, most competing hospitals have settled for the same services. Such competitions put the hospital in a situation where it has to convention aggressive enhancement on these services and develop them from time to time (McMillan, 2011). This at times poses a challenge due to the difficulties in market development considering the already existing market share which is rattling high. This puts the hospital in another situation where it has to seek additional strategies such as related diversification and vertical integration. Thus Geriatrics, oncology and womens services happ en to be the most profitable service and products offered by the hospital but still offer a number of challenges. These products stand out as representing the hospitals best opportunities in the long-run for gaining profits and growth (Emge, 1982). Problem Children Serves offered by these hospital and fall under this category include Ambulatory Surgery, emergency services and neurosurgery. These services qualify to be in this category as they occupy market share positions that are relatively low but still screw to compete in markets whose growths are high. Such services put the hospital

Machhavelli and the concepts of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mach founderlli and the excogitations of War - Essay ExampleHowever, in either of these considerations for traditional, modern and post-modern war, Niccolo Machiavelli was renowned for its remarkable creations near war in general.It is the purpose of this paper to express the whole point of Machiavelli on the concept of war. Thus, the proponent tries to emphasize Machiavelli as a diplomat and unneurotic with his role on the concepts of war.Machiavelli was engaged in trying to make government leader aware about the perils and the good things about war. However, part of such meaningful understanding about war is to elaborately dissertate his idea on the subject matter. In order to understand him further on his engagement in the concept of war, his several(a) writing on The Prince, the Discourses and The Art of War all consist of ideas and theories about politics, forgiving nature, the concept of war and other societal issues. He is indeed a diplomat on the concept of war in his own ways. How to exactly identify Machiavelli as a diplomat on the concept of war is the main point of this section. Part of the discussion is the inclusion of discordant analyses about Machiavelli as a diplomat on the concept of war based on his works.A diplomat needs to have the needed skills in devising people entirely agree with his or her idea. Machiavelli was able to make it by trying to emphasize that war in his books is only required if there is a need to do so. There are various risks in trying to come up with war if in the end it is justified that more destructions than advantage are obtained. Niccolo Machiavelli without question was highly skilled on the business of making agreements or making people agree on his concept of war. There are other various thinkers like Machiavelli but his way of thinking on the concept of war was able to gain various political considerations until the present time.Machiavelli always looked at the concern of the country and its citizens. Since he is

Virtue and Truest Chivalry Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Truest Chivalry EssayOrigin entirelyy Latin, actually spelled caballarius and pronounced SHiv? lre, is valiancy. Chivalry is the combination of qualities expect of an ideal knight. Such qualities include honor, courtesy, courage, justice, and go awaying to assist those in need. If one is chivalrous in character, accordingly one is a gentle valet de chambre and grand in his good deeds. He would in no vogue hesitate to serve others and serve his God. This is evident as Honore de Balzac puts it the motto of knightliness is also the motto of acquaintance to serve all, but love only one. Chivalry, besides its original usage as calvary, can very only be delineated in only one way, which is to refer to a virtuous autograph of conduct. There isnt any negative connotations to the word either, unless somebody called a fellow thane chivalrous in Old Anglo-Saxon times Other than that, the only emotional association with the word is generally positive. This noble idea of conduct is constituted of several virtues in spite of the narrow usage of the word. So, how did chivalry coiffe into existence?Journey to the medieval times and you will discover that chivalry was once an existential attribute of every man sworn into nobility or born into it. These men were knights. Medieval knights dated horseback and ripe outstanding gallantry. Knights were always calvary in battle, and exhibited righteous morals. A group of knights was actually called the chivalry of the militia. They were excelled in sword craft nearly comparable to their high level of graciousness, and could ride a horse nigh to the speed of which they are willing to assist a damsel in distress.Chivalry came to be cognize as the demeanor of an ideal knight, rather than simply a group of knights. As Chaucer puts it in Canterbury Tales, an ideal knight loved chivalry, truth and honor, freedom and courtesy a very gentle, perfect knight. Whatever happened to chivalry? Certain writers may say chivalry is dead, or it might just have a enceinte case of the flu. As long as wrongs are still righted, chivalry will survive. Chivalry cannot and will never die out. It may become exponentially less evident everyday, but underlying all the rudeness and discourtesy, chivalry is there.Chivalry does indeed need to be implemented more and more into society. any single mans major desire should be to act magnanimously and reveal a generous and noble state of mind. If every man were to be genuinely chivalrous then simply would there ever be any cheating, debt, adultery, stealing, or even bad attitudes. Each and every man would be true in their religion, honest, courteous, and would have a burning passion to do what is right.Think of that chivalry based utopian society. A world where people were more worried about humbling themselves rather than raising themselves up would be phenomenal. Modern chivalry should predominate like it did with Sir Lancelot around Queen Guinevere. prese nt-day(a) America could learn from John Bowrings Chivalry poem which reads Now tell me what is chivalry? To battle in the foremost fight For anythingfor wrongfor right, For some fair ladys scornful smile, For what is virtuous, what is vile, Come, tell me, is this chivalry?No in the men for truth who pant, In wretchedness and woe and want, Who bear the worlds contemptuous hate, With patient soul, with feeling elate. No in the woman in whose home No peace is found, no comforts come, just bends in silence,feeling still Tis Gods most kind, most holy will. Thisthis is truest chivalry Chivalry essentially is the essence of all that is good, virtuous, and holy, conglomerated into one admirably cultivated code of conduct to live by.

Monetary and Fiscal Policy Essay Example for Free

pecuniary and Fiscal Policy Essay1. M superstartary and fiscal form _or_ system of government and its meeting on business decision making2. Open economy macroeconomics-Mundell Fleming Model and its applicationFISCAL AND fiscal POLICY IN INDIA AND ITS IMPACT ON Business Decision Making.What is fiscal form _or_ system of government?Monetary polity is the management of money supply and interest by central banks to influence wrongs and consumption. Monetary constitution kit and boodle through expansion or contraction of investment consumption expenditure. Monetary policy is the process by which the government, central bank (RBI in India), or financial authority of a country controls1. The supply of money2. Availability of money3. Cost of money or the site of interest, in order to attain a rope of objective oriented towards the product and stability of the economy. Monetary theory provides insight into how to craft optimum fiscal policy.Monetary policy is referred to as either world an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy, where an expansionary policy increases the append supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy decreases the total money supply. Expansionary policy is traditionally employ to combat unemployment in a recession by kickoffering interest order, piece contractionary policy involves gentility interest set ups in order to combat inflation. Monetary policy is contrasted with fiscal policy, which refers to government borrowing, consumption and taxationWhy it is needed?What monetary policy at its best backside deliver is low and stable inflation, and thereby reduces the volatility of the business cycle. When inflationary pressures build up, it is monetary policy only which raises the short interest rate (the policy rate), which raises real rates across the economy and squeezes consumption and investment. The pain is not concentrated at a few points, as is the case with government interventions in c ommodity commercialises. Monetary policy in India underwent signifi buttt changes in the 1990sas the Indian Economy became increasing open and financial orbit reforms were put in place. In the 1980s, monetary policy was geared towards controlling the quantum, cost and directions of credit liquify in the economy. The quantity variables dominated as the transmission Channel of monetary policy. Reforms during the 1990s enhanced the sensibility of price signals from the central bank, making interestrates the increasingly Dominant transmission channel of monetary policy in India.WHEN WERE fiscal POLICIES INTRODUCED?Monetary policy is primarily associated with interest rate and credit. For many centuries there were only ii forms of monetary policy (i) Decisions about coinage (ii)Decisions to print paper money to create credit.Interest rates, enchantment now thought of as part of monetary authority, were not generally coordinated with the opposite forms of monetary policy during th is time. Monetary policy was seen as an executive decision, and was generally in the hands of the authority with seigneur age, or the power to coin. With the advent of larger trading networks came the ability to set the price between luxurious and silver, and the price of the local anaesthetic bullion to foreign currencies. This official price could be enforced by law, fifty-fifty if it varied from the trade price. With the creation of the Bank of England in 1694, which acquired their responsibility to print notes and back them with fortunate, the idea of monetary policy as independent of executive action began to be established. The goal of monetary policy was to make the value of the coinage, print notes which would trade at par to specie, and prevent coins from leaving circulation. The establishment of central banks by industrializing nations was associated then with the desire to corroborate the nations peg to the gold threadbare, and to trade in an arrow band with separate gold-backed currencies.To accomplish this end, central banks as part of the gold standard began setting the interest rates that they charged, both their own borrowers, and other banks that required liquidity. The maintenance of a gold standard required almost periodical adjustment of interest rates. During the 1870-1920 periods the industrialized nations set up central banking systems, with one of the last being the national Reserve in1913.By this point the role of the central bank as the instituteer of last resort was understood. It was excessively increasingly understood that interest rates had an effect on the entire economy, in no little part because of the marginal revolution in economics, which foc apply on how many more, or how many fewer, the great unwashed would make a decision based on a change in the economic trade-offs. It similarly became clear that there was a business cycle, and economic theory began understanding the relationship of interest rates to t hat cycle.(Nevertheless, steering a whole economy by influencing the interest rate has often been described as trying to steer an oil tanker with a canoe paddle.) Research by Cass Business check has also suggested that perhaps it is the central bank policies of expansionary and contractionaryPolicies that are causing the economic cycle evidence can be found by looking at the lack of cycles in economies before central banking policies existed.OBJECTIVES OF MONETARY POLICYThe objectives are to maintain price stability and ensure adequate flow of credit to the juicy sectors of the economy. Stability for the national currency ( later looking at prevailing economic conditions), growth in employment and income are also looked into. The monetary policy affects the real sector through long and variable periods while the financial markets are also impacted through short-term implications. There are four main channels which the RBI looks at Quantum channel money supply and credit (affects real output and price aim through changes in reserves money, money supply and credit aggregates).Interest rate channel. give-and-take rate channel (linked to the currency).Asset price. Monetary decisions today take into account a wider range of factors, such(prenominal)(prenominal) asshort term interest rateslong term interest rates stop number of money through the economy put back ratecredit qualitybonds and equities (corporate ownership and debt)government versus hidden sector spending/savings* International capital flow of money on large home base* Financial derivatives such as option, swaps and future contracts etc.Types of monetary policyIn practice, all types of monetary policy involve modifying the of base currency (MO) in circulation. This process of changing liquidity of base currency through the open sales and purchase (government-issued) debt and credit instrument is called open market operation. Constant market transactions by the monetary authority modify the suppl y of currency and this impacts other markets variables such as short term interest rates and the rallying rates. The distinction between the various types of monetary policy lies primarily with the set of instruments and mark variables that are used by the monetary authority to achieve their goals.A frigid exchange rate is also an exchange rate regime The Gold standard results in a relatively fixed regime towards the currency of other countries on the gold standard and a floating regime towards those that are not. Targeting inflation, the price level or other monetary aggregates implies floating exchange rate unless the management of the relevant foreign currencies is tracking the exact same variables (such as a fit in consumer price index).Inflation targeting Under this policy approach the target is to keep inflation, under particular definition such as Consumer monetary value Index, within a desired range. The inflation target is achieved through periodic adjustments to the co mmutation Bank interest rate target. The interest rate used is generally the interbank rate at which banks lend to each other overnight for cash flow purposes. Depending on the country this particular interest rate might be called the cash rate or something similar. The interest rate target is maintained for a specific duration using open market operations. Typically the duration that the interest rate target is kept constant will vary between months and years.This interest rate target is usually reviewed on a monthly or quarterly basis by a policy committee Price level targeting Price level targeting is similar to inflation targeting except that CPI growth in one year is offset in subsequent years such that over time the price level on aggregate does not move. Something similar to price level targeting was tried by Sweden in the1930s, and seems to consider contributed to the relatively good performance of the Swedish economy during the Great Depression. As of 2004, no country oper ates monetary policy based on a price level target. Monetary aggregates In the 1980s, several countries used an approach based on a constant growth in the money supply. This approach was dressed to include different classes of money and credit (M0, M1 etc). In the USA this approach to monetary policy was discontinue with the selection of Alan Greenspan as Fed Chairman. This approach is also sometimes called monetarism. While most monetary policy focuses on a price signal of one form or another, this approach is focused on monetary quantities.Fixed exchange rate this policy is based on maintaining a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. There are varying degrees of fixed exchange rates, which can be ranked in relation to how rigid the fixed exchange rate is with the anchor nation. Under a system of fiat fixed rates, the local government or monetary authority declares a fixed exchange rate but does not actively buy or sell currency to maintain the rate. Instead, the rate is en forced by non-convertibility measures (e.g. capital controls, import/export licenses, etc.). In this case there is a black market exchange rate where the currency trades at its market/unofficial rate. Under a system of fixed-convertibility, currency is bought and sold by the central bank or monetary authority on a daily basis to achieve the target exchange rate. This target rate may be a fixed level or a fixed band within which the exchange rate may fluctuate until the monetary authority intervenes to buy or sell as necessary to maintain the exchange rate within the band. (In this case, the fixed exchange rate with a fixed level can be seen as a special case of the fixed exchange rate with bands where the bands are set to zero.)Under a system of fixed exchange rates maintained by a currency board every unit of local currency must be backed by a unit of foreign currency (correcting for the exchange rate). This ensures that the local monetary base does not inflate without being backed by fractious currency and eliminates any worries about a run on the local currency by those wishing to convert the local currency to the hard (anchor) currency. These policies often abdicate monetary policy to the foreign monetary authority or government as monetary policy in the pegging nation must align with monetary policy in the anchor nation to maintain the exchange rate.The degree to which local monetary policy becomes dependent on the anchor nation depends on factors such as capital mobility, openness, credit channels and other economic factors Gold standard The gold standard is a system in which the price of the national currency as measured in units of gold bars and is kept constant by the daily buying and selling of base currency to other countries and nationals. (I.e. open market operations cf. above). The selling of gold is very important for economic growth and stability. The gold standard might be regarded as a special case of the Fixed reciprocation Rate policy. An d the gold price might be regarded as a special type of goodness Price Index .Today this type of monetary policy is not used anywhere in the world, although a form of gold standard was used widely across the world prior to 1971. For enlarge see the Breton Woods system. Its major advantages were simplicity and transparency. Monetary policy tools monetary base monetary policy can be implemented by changing the size of the monetary base. This directly changes the total add up of money circulating in the economy. A central bank can use open market operations to change the monetary base. The central bank would buy/sell bonds in exchange for hard currency. When the central bank disburses/collects this hard currency payment, it alters the amount of currency in the economy, and so altering the monetary base. .Monetary policy in different yearsThe monetarist statistical regularities have weakened for the 1970-90 period, in equivalence with the 1960-79 where the influence of current and past business activity on the money supply were weak, while the prophetical value of changes in the money stock for future output was large National income and saving do work vital role on formulation of monetary policy.As the income increases the spending will also increase, and so monetary will be less intensively required and same is the case with increase in saving .chart shows how the finance systems generate the real money and nominal money .The existence of long-run residuum relationship among money and income represented by a money demand function also has strong implications for monetary policy. The kind of economy India has, it is effected by the dollar rate .India has Services led growth is getting reinforced by a sustained resurgence in industrial activity after a long hiatus of slow down and restructuring during the period 1976-1987.Thus India contribute much too the imports and exports, thus it have impacted by dollar price.

Collision Course †NEOs Essay Example for Free

Collision flux NEOs EssayWhen looking at the Earth in the Solar System, there are many enrapturing tendencys, and also many dangerous ones. NEOs, or Near Earth Objects are constantly being analyse to determine the actual possibility of collision with the Earth. almost NEOs consist of meteors, meteorites, comets and asteroids.Though most of the objects are in addition small to deliver any sort of substantial damage, there are a few that are capable of causing the next major extinction. In order for an object to be considered a NEO, it must(prenominal) be within 1. 3 AUs (or astronomical units) from the Sun. 1.3 AU is the same as about 93 one million million miles. The NEOs are objects that have been bumped by the gravity of other planets which let them get close to the Earths orbit. One of the major sort outs of NEOs are meteoroids. The term meteor is actually used to describe the streak of visible light afterwards its trip through the Earths orbit. One of the most f amous craters, which is like a giant scar caused by a NEO haveting the Earth, is in Arizona. Meteor Crater, or Barringer Meteorite Crater as it is also cognise as, is a jarring reminder of what kind of damage a NEO can do upon impact. Most meteors are small enough that once they are pulled in by the Earths orbit and hit the atmosphere, they trend up and disintegrate before they ever get the chance to actually hit the Earths surface. Another group of NEOs are asteroids. One of the largest asteroids that astronomers keep their eyes on is Apophis. This giant is due to hit the Earth in 2036. The size of Apophis is estimated to be a bit larger then the Rose Bowl, and if it were to hit the Earth would cause global damage. If it hits the ocean, the damage occurring from the huge tsunamis by themselves would be catastrophic. Another class of objects that are visible to the stark naked eye are comets. When speaking of them as NEOs, then they are considered to be old comet nuclei whose pe rihelia are little then 1.3 AU from the Sun. One comet in particular that has been k directn through history is Halleys Comet. Also, the trail of cosmic dust, or tail of the comet can also be passed through by the Earth. In conclusion, NASA is taking locomote to try and diminish the risk of being hit by a NEO by continually watching and cataloging the orbits and behaviors of NEOs. What remedies that have been looked at so far to try and deal with the risk of being hit is to explode nuclear weapons near the object to try and change its course. Other considerations that have been looked at is send high-speed ballistic missiles towards the object to make an impact, or to send a hovering spacecraft to pull the object into a different orbit, thereby allowing it to miss the Earth altogether.The future for watching NEOs is strongly backed now more then ever before. Washington has allowed a $4 million dollar budget for list potential and real threats to the Earth, and sent a new report to congress in March 2007. Considering the probability that the Earth will be hit again, as it has been hit in the past requires that the scientific fraternity take heed of the risk, and not only be able to prepare the world for such a catastrophe, but be able to prevent it as well.Referenceshttp//www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/neo/index.cfmhttp//www.nasa.gov/centers/hq/home/index.htmlhttp//newton.dm.unipi.it/cgi-bin/neodys/neoibo? info0faqnea

Ethical Decision making by School Principals Essay Example for Free

respectable Decision making by groom Principals tryPrincipals are approach with the chall(a)enge of managing domesticatedayss and there is need for them to be honorable, respectful, inspiring, creative and associationable about methods of cultivation and the culture of the inculcate and curriculum. These importants are besides faced with the challenge of knowing and identifying areas of support that is able to produce the develops delegating and also manage the areas that impede the exercise of a stated mission of the school.Since the needs of students are ever changing, they should also be in a spot to grow some(prenominal) smaller and larger adjustments that could be beneficial to the school and easily manageable by the organization in the management of these closes. (Sousa, 2003, pp. 195-198). A decision is termed as estimable when it is able to bring about positive conducts and does non harm other flowerpot or the third party. These decisions are abl e to bring forth respect, trust, legality and sympathize with, responsibility and demonstrate good citizenship.When a decision accomplishes the needs of people together with their purposes, it is then termed as an effective decision. Ethically sound decisions are mostly advanced by two critical aspects to wit discernment and discipline. For a decision to poses the aspect of discernment, it requires judgment and knowledge. The violence of character on the other hand, makes up a good decision and this takes moralistic flip and the will power to be able to do what needs to be through with(p) (Hoy Tarter 2004, pp. 56-60). Ethical decision making calls for good leadinghip from principals.Leadership may be described as the authority or ability of an individual or individuals to lead others towards the achievement of a goal. It quests directing and influencing others towards the accomplishment of the stated common objectives and involves responsibility and accountability for the group. There are heterogeneous leadinghip styles that are social functiond today in m either organizations and institutions. The autocratic type of leaders admit unilateralist while dominating their team-members in order to achieve a particular objective.However, this method often results to oppositeness from the team- members, as this style generally requires constant impel and a lot of direction to get things d adept. On the other hand, this style could be more effective in urgent situations requiring urgent action (Schiminke, 1998, pp. 107-110). In the Laissez-Faire leadership, little control is exercised by managers over their groups. This ceases the team-members to sort out their duties and obligations but the manager is non in any way involved with them.This style of leadership however is ineffective at sure circumstances since the team is left flo infraing with limited motivation and direction. Laissez- faire is effective in cases whereby a manager leads a team that is exceedingly skilled and motivated and these people have in the past produced excellent extend. The classless leader on other hand often uses participation and the groups teamwork towards attaining a collaborative decision. This style focuses on communication between the leader and the team and hence a positive climate for achieving results is created.The leaders weigh their teams before making a decision while still in control of the team. These leaders allow the team to make decisions on how certain duties will be carried out and by whom (Schiminke, 1998, pp. 107-110). In addition, a good democratic leader is one who approves participation by team members and delegation of duties or tasks is done wisely. This kind of a leader value the points put forward from them and also encourages any group discussion. He also empowers the team through motivation. On leadership styles allow a coercive leader, authoritative.Leader, affiliative leader, pace stage setting and a coaching l eader. A coercive leader demands obedience, which should be instantaneous and applies initiative, achievement and self-control. In measure of crisis or company turn around, this style is considered to be more effective but it mostly creates a cast out climate for the performance in an organization. The authoritative leader on the other hand is considered to be one of the most effective as this leader inspires employees to follow a vision, facilitate change and creates a strong organizational climate that results in positive performance.The affiliative leadership values people, their emotions and their needs and relies on companionship and trust to promote flexibility, innovation and risk taking. A pacesetting leader pile create a negative climate because of the high standards he or she sets. This style works best in attaining quick results from highly motivated individuals who value achievement and take the initiative. Lastly, the coaching leader builds a positive climate by dev eloping skills that will foster long-term success.This type of leader also delegates responsibly, and is skillful in bare assignments that are quite challenging. Leadership entails organizing people in a bid to achieve the stated goals of the group. It is hence essential that leaders should posses certain sanctioned qualities that will enable them to be effective leaders in whatever situation or task they undertake (Guy, 1990 pp. 105-107). Leaders should display a good work ethic that will enable other employees to emulate.A good work ethic includes organism on succession, being organized giving praise to employees, being well prepared for meetings and having good communication in spite of appearance the venture that will go a long way towards achieving emotional and financial success. Therefore a leader should set an example with an ethical set of values for other managers and employees. For a leader to be effective, he/she should be willing to constantly learn at the identic al time integrate the knowledge they have acquired through learning into their leadership style. They must also develop skills that will promote them into being good leaders.Another quality of a good leader is that they should constantly keep up with the electric current trends in leadership and be aware that the leadership styles are constantly changing. In other address these leaders should be open to change. A good leader should also be able to come up people and acquire their trust in the process. Good leaders should also have the ability to pass off effectively with their subordinates communication is an essential aspect since it involves both listening and sending messages or telling others what needs to be done.Moral leaders are in a position to produce good moral leadership. They mostly apply restraint and power in their leadership. They are willing to accept any results without noble-minded control on other people. This is stewardship. It enables leaders to accept thei r faults which are human instead of shielding themselves under their authority and status. Ethics dismiss be described as the codes of conduct that guide on how one should behave regarding moral duties and virtues. These moral principles guide a person in determining what is wrong or right.Morality by principals can be termed as individual(prenominal) morality. This is because personal moral philosophy reflect the expectations of people of all works in the society. Ethics has got two aspects the ability to determine right from wrong, propriety from indecorousness and good from evil. The second perspective concerns the commitment to perform an action that is proper, right and good. The principles of personal ethics include trustworthiness and honesty, concern for the well being of others preventing harm refusing to take unfair advantage, respect for the autonomy of others and basic justice.Ethics as displayed by principals in schools or any other leaders could be categorise as under written and oral codes of ethics codes of ethics are the efforts which are systematic in nature and are used in defining the right conduct. They also provide steering and sustain oneself in the installation of confidence in various aspects of life from the government and all organizations. The main guidance is reflected in the decision making process especially where values seem to conflict. Written codes of ethics can be made known by an organization, professional or jurisdiction.On the other hand unwritten codes that exist and that serve well us in our lives are more effective than the written ones. Un written codes of ethics include rules such as honesty, security, loyalty among others. These unwritten codes of ethics mostly tog out from family and cultural tradition and can also be found in workplace. These written and unwritten codes of ethics mostly arise from family and cultural tradition and can also be found in workplace. These written and unwritten codes of et hics are found in the society and they help one in establishing their personal belief system.Ethical behaviors should be a part and parcel of an individuals daily routine (Murphy McMurty, 2000. pp. 110-115). I cerebrate that Principals need to make strategical decisions since society and environment are dynamic and this provides them with a means that is strategic in nature that could enable them consider the external environment by focusing on the strength of the school organization, reducing weaknesses in school and also identify all the available opportunities that could put the school at a better position to be able to gain a competitive advantage.School principals are able to make an ethically defensible decision when the decision is well thought considering all the formal possible angels meaning that everybody takes part in decision making. In addition, ethically sound decisions in corporate all the possible solutions regarding the positive and negative outcomes of the deci sion. The decisions made by school principles need to involve a consultative process, team or group process or delegated duties to the staff members.This will help principals to come up with an ethically sound decision that will have a positive impaction to all the members of the society which includes the students. Today, school leaders are the people who are accountable ethically, legally and chastely for any decisions that they make in schools. Dempster and Parry (1999) note that the schools pressure mainly arise from four sources that is pressure of involving non-educationalists in the decision making in schools changes in the growth of knowledge and applying the new advanced engine room in learning processes increased accessible problems such as suicide, violence and unemployment.This means that school leaders are constantly faced with ethical dilemmas while making decisions in schools hence resulting in contrast ethical principles. Therefore how ethics/morals impact on de cision-making is profound as this could easily change the way society operates. Foster (1986) also notes that it is the actions by the officials of the school that will strongly determine personal codes of ethics and values (Shapiro, 2000, pp. 120-125). On the ethical decision making by principals in schools, Denig and Quinn (2001) proposed a philosophical model with two moral principles namely care and justice.They argue that most of the decisions that are made by school leaders, are mainly based on formalism which is policy and law and this is aimed at bringing about the greatest good to all (utilitarianism). In other words, this approach clearly views decision making as a rational approach that involves the use of universal principles. The decision maker performs what is right that could result in good deeds to all rather than individualism hence equity becomes the desirable outcome.They also point out that it is scarce through making decisions by collaborative means that these leaders can be able to analyze the dilemmas and get prepared to encompass the principle of working together with the school system and this eventually results in making decisions that are ethical (Sousa, 2003, pp. 195-198). Greenfield (19991) on the other hand argues that school leaders experience distinct sets of demands concerning ethics. He notes that schools being moral institutions are designed to bring for the social norms and other principles.They should be able to make decisions that are morally acceptable. He further notes that although schools are aerated with the responsibility of creating moral values and making moral decisions by dedicating themselves to promote the well-being of their students, it is surprising that the same students have virtually no right to express themselves to what goes on in their schools and it is for these reasons that the conduct of these school leaders need to be moral (Kowalski, 2001, pp. 5-98). Robert Starratt (1991) also talks of equality in social arrangement benefits by arguing that todays social arrangement results to unequal benefits among people. He argues that school principles should not only behave ethically but also be responsible individuals. Lastly, Green field argues that the authority of the principal is moral and teachers should be convinced that the decisions make by the principal reflects all the values that they support (Nutt, 2002, pp. 50-54).Kidder (1995) defines an ethical dilemma as the responsibilities that people face in making choices between two rights cherished values that conflict are the principle cause of dilemmas. For instance a principal is bound to be faced with a dilemma if at all he/she cherishes both the teacher and student and the teacher decides to order a policy that will result in low expectations. Some philosophers and thinkers have come up with a number of guidelines that could help to solve these dilemmas faced by school leaders.They argue that leaders should be able and wi lling to act along the set standards of ethics. They could also address and also should be caring and conscious reflection whenever they lead other people (Nutt, 2002, pp. 50-54). School leaders could also form ethics committees to help them solve ethical dilemmas as these committees could prove helpful in raising the awareness concerning ethical issues, advising educators and also in the formulation of codes of ethics.A quality decision that is made by a school principal will depend on a number of factors made, extent to which others are able to fix a quality solution, how the problem is structured and the degree of commitment. Moreover, decisions made in schools require a lot of staff decision and support. School principals also need to understand the culture of their schools while attempting to make any decisions as this will establish whether the decision made is appropriate for the school.Therefore, these head teachers need to analyze and get across any relevant and comprehen d any relevant information presented to them together with data. They also need to come across and measure evidence, issue judgments and finally make the necessary decisions. Creativity is essential as these will help in solving any anticipating problems hence development of opportunities for the school. Finally, school principals should be in a position to demonstrate quality judgment. This will enable them to know how and when they need to make any decisions among others.Decisions made by school principals could be autocratic, consultative, Group or Delegated decisions. An autocratic decision is that which the school principal makes it himself / herself by use of the available information or gathered from other groups or people. This therefore requires these school leaders to make appropriate and quick decisions when expected to do them at a particular point in time consultation on the other hand means that a problem has to be shared amongst individuals in order to obtain collect ive views or ideas but the school principal has to make the final decision afterwards.

Spanish literature Essay Example for Free

Spanish literature EssayFrom Latin litterae (plural) letter is the art of written work. The word literature literally means things made from letters. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture. Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity (Rebecca West). The art or occupation of a literary writer.The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field. Printed veridicalWritten material such as poetry, novels, essays, etc. , esp works of imagination characterized by integrity of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest. The body of written work of a particular culture or people Written or printed matter of a particular pillow slip or on a particular subject Printed material giving a particular guinea pig of information.The art or profession of a writerObsolete learningWriting in prose or verse re garded as having permanent worth through its intrinsic excellence. The entire body of writings of a specific language, period, people, etc. The writings dealing with a particular subject.The profession of a writer or author.Literary work or production.Any kind of printed material, as circulars, leaflets, or handbills. Archaic. literary culture grip of letters and books. Creative writing of recognized artistic valuewritings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest,are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays. Written works (such as poems, plays, and novels) that are considered to be very good and to have lasting importance.

Patient’s history Essay Example for Free

Patients history EssayNursing Diagnosis 1 scant(p) nutritionDebbies nutrition is not adequate for her age, as well as her weight. Due to ghost nausea/vomiting, worked up distress she lost weight. Her weight is less ( 89 pounds) compared to her usual weight ( 1 hundred ten pounds). The assessment and management of weight is a major(ip) preoccupation in contemporary healthcare. Clinical interventions focus on on achieving energy balance deficit and are premised on claims that excess weight/fatness (body stack index (BMI) 25) is a significant direct cause of morbidity and mortality and,correspondingly, that weight loss in fat (overweight or obese) people give reduce risk and/or improve health unwrapcomes. (Aphramor, 2010). sought after publication 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1Refer Debbie to nutritionist.Debbie will have more cultivation regarding healthy eating within 2 weeks. She will realize the immensity of her diet and metabolism. Debbie realized the impo rtance of healthy nutrition and regimen. She gained weight in 2 months more than 10 pounds. She feels comfortable and happy.Nursing Intervention 2Pharmacological intervention, direction regarding medications.Debbie will control her weight excessively by controlling her nausea using the prescribed medication for nausea. She will receive information on how to use the medication, frequency, dosage, side effects in 2 days. After one week Debbie has more information regarding her medications, realized that medication helps her to control nausea and takes as ordered. Evaluation mode come about up recall in doctors office after discharge within 2 weeks, day-to-day weights. Follow visit- tolerant weighs 12 pounds more, less nauseous, feels comfortable in her weight. RationalePatient education, more information regarding nutrition, talking, informality techniques, pharmacological. Given instructions regarding future appointments and plans on her treatment, daily weights, weight contro l.Nursing Diagnosis 2 educational deficitDebbie needs more information regarding her care. She needs education related to medications, self-catheterization, breast self-examination. Patient education is a central the practice of nursing and should be in subtract of their domain. The most important part of patient education is to prepareDebbie for independence in her care, increase the confidence and competence for self-management. (Bastable, 2006).Desired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1Instructions on how do self breast- examinations and self- catheterization, warning signs/symptoms. Debbie will be able to do breast self-examination herself in one week, will be able to perform intermittent self-catheterization. Two weeks passed. Debbie states how she performs breast self-examination, what she needs to look out for. She states how often she does the examination and demonstrates what positional changes she needs to do. Nursing Intervention 2Patient educationDebbie wi ll know information about her medications, route, dosage, side effects in 2 days. Teach back achieved regarding medications. Debbie states that she was dying(predicate) previously as she thought the will not remember all the information given. She is happy as she did everything correct. Evaluation methodAsked multiple cross questions, Debbie answers as educated, seems more interested in future education. Debbie do an organizer for her. The organizer contains medication regimen, few special considerations, reminders. RationaleDemonstrated Debbie how to do breast examination, catheterization. utilize a kit and plastic body to demonstrate. Used the board to give important information regarding medication. Debbie demonstrates what she does at home to do the catheterization, breast self-examination, questions given, answered properly as was educated.Nursing Diagnosis 3 Emotional distress.Debbie is experiencing emotional distress, anxiety. As stated in case study she is tearful, has gr eat concern regarding her future. Effectivecommunication among restrain and patient/family can improve care and relieve suffering. The diagnosis and treatment for cancer is a major challenge and it affects all aspects of life. By therapeutic communication, providing information, encouraging optimistic outlook, teaching how to reduce stress patient care will have better outcomes. (Yarbro, Wujchik, Gobel, 2010).Desired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1Debbie will get used to controlling her stress by daily walks, relaxation techniques, music, spending time with family in 2 weeks. Debbie states she feels better spending time with family, resting, being in the park, meeting friends when feeling lonely and anxious. Nursing Intervention 2Debbie will be seen by religious care in 2 days.Debbie states that her conversations with spiritual care makes her feel more relaxed, she reads books, has prayers at her bedside. Evaluation methodGiven instructions on how to manage time and stress with different activities, planning activity and periods of rest. Asked questions regarding Debbies days, stress management. RationaleEducational packets, brochures, referrals provided.Multiple written stress tests used to find our patients emotional condition. Seems more relaxed and less anxious.ReferencesAphramor, L. (2010, July). Validity of claims made in weight management research a narrative review of dietetic articles. Nutrition Journal, 9().Bastable, S. B. (2006). Essentials of Patient Education. Jones bartlett pear Learning. Yarbro, C., Wujchik, D., Gobel, B. (2010). Cancer Nursing Principles and Practice (7th ed.). Jones Bartlett Learning.

Compare the Techniques Of My First Sonne and Limbo Essay Example for Free

Compare the Techniques Of My premier(prenominal) Sonne and Limbo EssayWhen looking at the two poems it is clear that On my First Sonne is composed to deal with a father losing his seven course former(a) son. While in comparison the poet Brathwaite is highlighting the topic of slavery. When canvass the two poems it is quite discernible that they deal with life issues of death and unhappiness. However, in one case studying the two poems it is quite noticeable that both poems delineate and highlight religion. This is highlighted in Limbo as it says in the last line on the burning ground. Which passel be intelligibly suggested that it is portraying the Christian image of Hell. Which can be defined as a place where youre in torture, which relates to the life of an African Slave where there struggling for life in places e.g. the scratching plantations. In On My First Sonne its communicating to the reader close religion like Limbo. However, instead of comparing religion to to rture, it is discussing can people admire his son because hes going to heaven? This is particularly returnn in the hobby line where he leaves a question mark Will man regret the state he should envie?Looking at both the poems theres a huge contrast in there individuality and uniqueness. This is clearly shown through the way that both the poems are written. For example, Limbo is giveed in free verse which is probably suggesting that the slaves once had an individuality. The word Limbo emphasises that the free verse is trying to show that the slaves were his ancestors with an African past.However, Brathwaite is presenting that the slave dealers stripped his ancestors of an identity for example the dumb Gods are raising me. Showing that the poet has no knowledge of Africans Gods or culture. While in contrast, the techniques used in On My First Sonne shows a traditional English poem about his complete to his son. It is also writing about the English tradition of the Church of Eng land and an identity about what it is to be English. Which during its stream was to believe in the old tradition of religion and heaven. Which when comparing the two it is noticeable that On My First Sonne shows identity and Limbo conveys lost identity.On My First Sonne it uses Trochaic pentameter in order to create the olfactory perception of sadness by the use of a stressed and then a unstressed syllable. By apply this technique it creates a feeling that the author is clueless which is shown through sentences likeWill man lament the state he should envie? Limbo also uses Trochaic pentameter in order to create the feeling of sadness as the poem is talking about the struggle of slavery long dark deck and the urine surrounding me. When looking at the tenses of On My First Sonne it uses past, present and upcoming. For example in the first four-spot lines there is a use of past. This is shown as he talks about his seven year old pip-squeak and uses in the last sentence on the j ust day. It then changes to present, as the poet talks about in the next four lines Will man lament the state he should envie? suggesting he should envy his son because he is in heaven.This quote also shows that he has accepted the death of his son. It then goes to future as the poet mentions in soft peace. This poem shows to the reader that the poet wrote this poem over a long period of time. Showing to the reader the past represents that his child died, the present in between lines is mentioning the childs burial and the future is that the child is buried and now in heaven. In Limbo there is a use of only present tense and repetition of the title limbo. This technique is used to make the poem capture the auditory sense and thrum into the character of a slave. Furthermore, the use of repetition creates a tempo and the beat is indicated as it uses the word drummers. However, in On My First Sonne there is a use of punctuation to create the tempo meaning the audience are less involv ed with the poem.In conclusion this essay shows to the reader the background of the poems one to do with slavery and another to do with England and the Church of England of faith. Furthermore, Im showing how both poems contrast and how language is used to show tempo and contrast.

Gothic novel Essay Example for Free

chivalric novel EssayThe novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte has been categorised as two amorous and gothic by scholars and literary critics. The plot entails the exploration of a womans domestic trap, a general Victorian theme, with her subjection to patriarchal authority and her dangerous attempts to escape from such restrictions and the consequences. There is a variety show of mysterious events, moonlit inborn environment, beautiful dream-like landscapes, enigmatic characters. Jane is represent as the heroine of the story, the virginal Christian distaff character. In opposition to her is the character of Bertha who is insane and is hidden in the attic of Thornfield H solely, representing Rochesters torment and his terrible secret. It whoremonger be argued that the plot has more entwined characteristics of both genres and it is very difficult to think of it as of one kind. The audition will discuss the way in which the novel accords with the characteristics of a ama tory novel and a Gothic novel and evaluates whether it may be possible to assign it with one of the two labels. Romantic novels emphasize tomography and feeling, they focus on natures ability to free humanes from societys judgments and limitations.English romance narrates exotic and unusual stories, they argon concerned with chivalric deeds (as in the stories of King Arthur), recalling themes of romantic medieval literature. The latter results from a detail in English history when society was in look for of order and the approach was that everything had to be explained rationally and scientifically, hence frequently being referred to as the Age of Reason. However, the romantics themes are in opposition to such a way of thinking and rebelled against such established norms and conventions.The characters in romantic novels gift the self at the middle of his/her own existence, this is achieved by foc victimisation on his/her thoughts rather than actions. The theme or romantic l ove as opposed to passionate love is explored too and the consequences the latter would bring. A nonher narrative style which emerged was the Gothic novel. The emphasise setting has a dim and imposing mansion or castle, as a backdrop to the tune of mystery and suspense, where the characters fears are explored beneath the surface of the en miniatureened psyche.Other features of a gothic tale is the front of omens, portents and visions. There is usually a suffering, tormented woman who needs to be rescued from a irresponsible and lustful guardian, and in the process displays an array of extreme sentiments and reactions, such as swooning, crying and sorrow. She is usually ofttimes commanded to marry someone she does not love or commit some moral or effective crime. Supernatural events may be utilise to explain coincidences and many scenes evoke terror through the icon of physical and psychological violence.So I would like to examine how Jane Eyre would seem to be typical of the romantic novel that was so popular in Victorian England, while at the same time having, in my opinion, all the ingredients for a gothic novel. The plot recalls a fairy tale when you came upon me last night I thought unaccountably of fairy tales as Bronte writes in ch capableer 13. However, Bronte skil plenteousy uses it as a frame, to give a clear picture of her great feminine consciousness, expressed in Jane Eyres persona. This is conveyed through the use of a first-person narration, that depicts the field around her and the early(a)s in relation to her and her point of view.In the romantic novel the soul stands at the subject matter of romantic fiction relating facts and experiences. In the following passage, Jane demonstrates her fervid romantic imagination, as she explains to Adele that she and Mr Rochester are going to bring out married and utters Here is a talisman will remove all difficulties (chapter 24) Jane metaphorically evokes the theme of natural forces which come to her aid when she is most in need for comfort. The passage continues with, a fairy that held out a pretty gold ring.. and I am yours, and you are mine and we shall leave earth and make our enlightenment yonder(chapter 24).The latter depicts the traditions of dream and oral tales which was much loved by the romantics. However, these are also elements which female genitals be found in Gothic novels, where enchantment and fear are closely related. There is much close to Jane and Rochesters introspection, their belief in the marvelous, and conflicting emotions. Jane fights against the wicked spirits of Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Manor Hall, and Marsh End at the end, these weird elements take the form of moral choices that force her into reflecting upon righteousness.For instance, the striking of the chestnut tree tree by lightening, under which Rochester had proposed to Jane (chapter 22), is a portent of their imminent separation and the dangers that lie ahead. It is a perfe ct Gothic symbol, as nature predicts human fate. Moreover, Bronte is able to convey and juxtapose different tones in the same passage, it can change from a teasing and romantic tone to an enigmatic and harsh one. For instance, when Rochester is exhausting to convince Jane to dine with him and she refuses, his mood changes immediately .He is upset by her answer and asks Jane if she supposes whether he eats as an ogre or a graverobber (chapter 24). Here, Gothic elements are used metaphorically to convey the degenerating tone of such a conversation. Recalling the Bluebeard tales themes, which underlines the novel. The supernatural elements inter emotions and have been used to symbolise the child which resides in all of us and comes out in moments of hurt of consciousness and fear, and at the same time heightening the readers awareness of the fragility of the heroine/hero.As when Jane describes the red room, with its noises and mirrors, where she was isolate as a punishment, everyt hing in the room becomes fearful to her eyes. The mere colour red conjures up images of line of merchandise and being locked in either literally or in a moral sense is an execrable idea to most (it recalls also the theme of trap) (chapter 2). Another important aspect of the novel is the exotic. Romantics, in their novels, often alluded to distant places. In the story, Rochester has a house in Spain, where he wishes to take Jane once married, considering it as a more relaxed country, colourful and sensual place.Before meeting Jane, Rochester had travelled around the world in search of a foreign wife (Chapter 27). Yet, Bronte condemns such behaviour and makes Rochester feel rash with disappointment to the point he utters that I tried dissipation never debauchery that I hated, and hate. That was my Messalinas attribute (Chapter 27). Jane rejects such exoticism and is not forming a very favourable opinion on him, he is perceived by her as an unfeeling, loose-principled rake.What Bron te is trying to emphasise is that if romantic love was to be perceived in such a superficial light as being unless for sexual pleasure then it together with passion, would mean a personnel casualty of the self morally and ethically. Moreover, the idea of the character who travels towards unknown distant places, against wicked and unpredictable forces (these are represented by the several lovers he mentions, end-to-end his journey, and finally by Bertha, his insane wife segregated in the attic of Thornfield Hall).Thus, Gothic elements are used to create a sense of loss and psychological violence, just like what Mr. Rochester experienced throughout his journeys. Bronte demonstrates an attitude towards natural forces, which gravely offered help to such a reckless man. In fact, he was not able to fall in love with a womankind, but with a natural slender creature who is personified by Jane (Chapter 27). Thus, the novel entails many elements which are characteristic of fairy tales. J ane is repeatedly described as looking like a spirit, a tiny phantom, half fairy, half imp. . such(prenominal) an association permits an author to use less words to express deeper ideas, by adding powerful images through an apt use of wondrous language.The imaginary is at the heart of both narrative genres, however under many aspects Gothicism emerges to create suspense and conveys the characters inner torments, such as the striking of the chestnut tree, the red room. These contrast with the romantic descriptions of the outdoor scenes, such as when Jane runs across the countryside, are nevertheless described in a in writing(p) and detailed manner as if Jane Eyre were painting a realistic picture of the scene in all its shades. This imagery suggests her characters moral condition and state of mind, therefore the mood of the story is immediately conveyed.There are numerous symbolic references to weather and to the sky, in the form of storms, rain, clouds, and sun. At the very opening of the novel, Jane sets the scene by mentioning that the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre, and a rain so penetrating. There is a full moon on the night when Bertha attacks her brother, as there is on the night when Jane runs away from Thornfield. Nature is presented as the mother of all creatures, which connotes Janes romantic side and her fragility.The scenes that are a set for Rochester and Jane Eyres passion take place in natural surroundings. After their wedding is interrupted, the woods which twelve hours since waved leafy and fragrant/now spread, waste, enraged and white as pine-forests in wintry Norway. Here, Bronte adds Gothic elements, which changes the mood to one of tormented state of mind, then anticipating Janes future struggles. At the end, when reunited, Rochester tells Jane that I am no better than the old lightening-struck chestnut-tree in Thornfield orchard. The theme of nature seems to be treated in both a romantic as well as a gothic way , due to the atmosphere which at times evokes joyful and comforting images, while at other times horrific images and death. In chapter 35, the personification of the wind effectively suggests the way in which the mood can be created by nature. Bronte uses it as the means by which she received the message from Mr Rochester, in fact she follows it throughout the passage until she finds her way out of that situation.This manifestation of the voice perceived in her spirit and mind, and not externally, could be construed in a gothic light i. e. as a portent or a supernatural event. There is, however, a romantic and passionate image of the voice which contrasts with the Gothic setting. The passage I am coming hush (chapter 37) is extremely descriptive with many adjectives dark, void and nouns such as loneliness and hush. The combining of this with short sentences creates an immediacy, dramatic impact and mystic atmosphere, characteristic of Gothic novels.In conclusion, by writing from an individual point of view, by creating characters who are possessed of strong feelings, fiery passions and some extraordinary personalities, by using some elements of horror and mystery, Jane Eyre is able to recreate life in a fantastic romantic way. The strength of her subjective narration, especially the heroine who is contrary to the Victorians expectations, the presentation of the economical, social background of the time give her works a never dying popularity.The eerie atmosphere with supernatural associations can recall the characteristics of Gothic novels and are used in some way to justify what is inexplicable (as the voice of Mr. Rochester calling her or striking of the chestnut tree). All in all, I consider gothic as a subgenre of the romantic novel, both convey drama and high emotional intensity which are elements that can be definitely found in Jane Eyre, one cannot exclude the other, it would be a great mistake to try and categorize such a masterpiece under one genre .

Definition, Process And Classification Essay Example for Free

Definition, Process And classification EssayEach root word of discourse has the limits of education and resources and the key words indwelling to understanding the trend of culture espoused in the context. There argon borders that clearly define this limit, and set processes that order the outlined thoughts or ideas into steps or stages inevitable in appreciating the depicted object of discussion. To achieve this, there are important tools, which can be harnessed definition, classification and processes.The definition is the pithy introduction of the topic that clearly defines the limits or extent of resources the topic covers. It gives a synopsis of the lucubrate that topic entails, releases the clue to understanding such details and hints on the process at achieving the latter. It includes the key words intrinsic to the publishings of concern. In brief, this kick starts the engine. One should not make the mistake of referring this to just a word. It is the important concepts that are clearly defined for clarity of thought process.Beyond the definition, one realizes there are details for espousing the ideas associated with the topic. These details are enormous but the important must be highlighted. Process includes the method that explores the specific details, eliminates irrelevances and puts the issue in a right perspective. Alongside the definition and process through which data is obtained, analyzed and affect into useful information, the latter is classified into segments ion such a way that the topic is open for understanding, and further exposition.Classification ensures that boundaries are clearly defined and provides a systematic approach for build up of comprehension. This implies that by appropriately classifying the available information on the topic of discourse, knowledge into built into interwoven segments and not set aside as mutually exclusive entities. It greatly enriches the significance of topic. These methods, definition, processing and classification, link the topic to existing information and ensure it is useful in the future.