How do i write an essay
Friday, August 28, 2020
Public Health Easier Decision Making
Question: Depict about the Public Health for Easier Decision Making. Answer: Wellbeing Impact Assessment Program Wellbeing sway appraisal (HIA) is characterized as a mix of apparatuses, strategies and systems that are utilized for the assessment of the possible impacts of soundness of a venture, program or strategy. Utilizing the strategies of participatory, quantitative and subjective, the program means to create the proposals that help the partners and the chiefs to settle on the decisions about the enhancements and choices for the anticipation of injury and maladies and advance dynamic wellbeing (Winkler et al. 2013). The subject of the wellbeing sway task program for this task will be a populace based anticipation program of youth corpulence. The program will be named as Healthy Kids (HK) program and will be completed in New South Wales (NSW) and will be conveyed to the non-native and native offspring of Australia. Youth corpulence is a developing wellbeing concern internationally and in Australia, one out of four youngsters is seen as either fat or overweight. This has been my subject of e nthusiasm as corpulence in youngsters diminishes their mental prosperity and can achieve physical disintegration that incorporates cardiovascular maladies, shortness of breath and rest apnea. Subsequently, it is fundamental to concentrate on this developing concern and in this manner, this wellbeing sway appraisal program will investigate the issue and suggest on its avoidance. Youth corpulence is where over the top muscle versus fat gets amassed at an early age. Solid way of life can be of incredible advantages to the youngsters with respect to their prosperity and heath and keep them from procuring youth heftiness (Karnik and Kanekar 2015). In the previous 30 years, youth stoutness has expanded by two folds and the rates of kids who are matured 6-11 years have expanded from 7% to 18% from 1980 to 2014 (Campbell et al. 2013). Youth stoutness is an aftereffect of caloric lopsidedness where little measure of calories are used against the more prominent measure of calories expended. This is influenced by the ecological, conduct and hereditary components. Youth weight can have prompt and long haul wellbeing impacts. The prompt impacts incorporate pre-diabetes condition with raised blood glucose levels and the drawn out wellbeing impacts show up when they grow up into large grown-ups. In Australia, the paces of youth weight are higher among the indigenous and n ative youngsters contrasted with the non-indigenous Australians. This realizes a negative effect on their wellbeing and hence, this broadens the hole in future between the two kinds of kids. In the year 2012 2013, 30% of the offspring of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who were matured between 2 to 14 years were seen as stout with respect to their individual BMI. The paces of corpulence among the native young ladies and young men were seen as 32% and 29% separately (Hendrie, Coveney and Cox 2012). The administration of NSW built up a program named Prevention of Obesity in Children and Young People: NSW government activity plan and it was discovered that the anticipation strategy is still in its outset and is confronting amazing difficulties in conveying the mind boggling changes that are fundamental in accomplishing the constructive results (Dooyema et al. 2013). In any case, the strategy has fabricated adequate help and duty to making the force for key strategies in futu re. The current wellbeing strategy of NSW coordinates new arrangements and systems that affect the wellbeing inside the networks of the aboriginals and can be exposed to a wellbeing sway articulation of the aboriginals. The announcement is utilized for guaranteeing that the wellbeing needs of the networks of the aboriginals are incorporated and considered during the advancement of the strategies and projects through the support of exchange and discussion with the Aboriginal individuals (Kim et al. 2016). Since the HK program tended to these fundamental issues through the concentrated network and HIA interview venture, an understanding was created with the wellbeing part of the aboriginals so a wellbeing sway explanation of the aboriginals was not required. The pointers of good wellbeing were seen as lower in the networks of the aboriginals in NSW when contrasted with their non-native partners. The HK program expected to address this uniqueness and along these lines, built up a few p rocedures for shutting this hole and helping the native kids to remain dynamic and eat well in arrangement with the non-native kids. It was remarked by the Prime Minister Mr. Tony Abbott in 2014 that the push to close the holes was a lot of frustrating and adequate bearing is required to realize the positive results (Browne-Yung et al. 2013). As per an investigation led by Lacy et al. (2012), the checking of youth corpulence is ineffectively done in Australia. It is a crucial part of the counteraction of stoutness and gives fundamental populace wellbeing information to following the patterns after some time and distinguishes the zones that are at the more noteworthy heftiness hazard. The creators have suggested that the authority should gather the weight and tallness estimations by utilizing the quit assent for checking the youth corpulence rates in Australia. Figure 1: Childhood Obesity in Australia Source: Hayes et al. 92016) The way toward screening decides if the HIA is required or suitable. Screening guarantees that assets, exertion and time are suitably focused on. The screening procedure is done to decide if an approach or program impactsly affect wellbeing for justifying the consummation of a program of HIA. The way toward screening builds up whether a specific task, program or strategy profoundly affects wellbeing. It decides how strategy influences the strength of the populaces of the defenseless segments and the scale and heading of the wellbeing effects and measures whether they are theoretical, genuine or unimportant (Harris-Roxas et al. 2012). The screening procedure recognizes whether the impacts are long haul or present moment and aberrant or direct and asks whether there is a prerequisite for progressively point by point evaluation. The screening procedure guarantees if HIA is the most ideal technique for successfully tending to the value and medical problems. In spite of the fact that HK p rogram was planned for directing on both the native and non-native youngsters, it concentrated on the native kids more as they are the ones who require the consideration more than the non-native kids to handle youth heftiness (Badland et al. 2014). In this way, the purposeful focal point of the program was to the Aboriginal youngsters and the progression of screening remembered concentrating for the possible effects on the soundness of the aboriginals. The screening procedure for the HK program was done by shaping a screening group that comprised of three staff individuals from an establishment of wellbeing value preparing, assessment and examination and one worker of the branch of soundness of the neighborhood wellbeing body. An extra board of specialists of nine individuals was enlisted for undertaking the appraisal steps of the HIA. Every one of them were knowledgeable about the way toward directing HIA. The individuals from the master board had aptitude in strategy examination, ceaseless sickness anticipation, wellbeing advancement, early mediation and wellbeing value. The board recognized that the current procedures of HIA requires changing and auditing to suit the program needs. A suitable model of wellbeing was chosen that incorporated the network wellbeing with the natural and social association of the individual wellbeing. The National Obesity Task Force model was chosen and joining its structure with the writing gave by the organization of wellbeing, an apparatus was created for encouraging the screening (Bacelar-Nicolau, Miguel and Saporta 2015). The apparatus was planned as study polls that comprised of shut finished inquiry which can be replied with yes or no. The result of the screening procedure was surveyed by breaking down the reactions of the screening device and it was discovered that HK program could deliver negative or positive effects on the wellbeing of the youngsters. From the procedure, it was recognized that the program ought to be co mpleted with the further strides of the HIA and the devices must be adjusted for fitting the setting of Australian Aboriginal youngsters. A long conversation was impractical with the kids as time didn't allow however the significance of the conversation was featured and work of Aboriginal partners was supported. Table 1: Survey Questionnaires of the Tool Is the potential for the effects of positive wellbeing influencing the wellbeing determinants of the native kids who are matured 0 to 14 years? Do the potential impacts have genuine negative effects on wellbeing? Do the contrary effects have the capacity to build the current disparities in wellbeing between the non-indigenous and indigenous individuals? Is the proposed HIA program affecting the social, mental, otherworldly and enthusiastic wellbeing and prosperity? The extent of the HIA was intended for the distinguishing proof of the sort of HIA to be attempted and when and how it must be executed. The perusing procedure incorporated the structuring and arranging of the HIA by setting out its different boundaries. A careful advance of checking spares extensive assets, work and time in the remainder of the means and in this way, is viewed as the key advance (McCallum, Ollson and Stefanovic 2016). In the more extensive setting of the HK program, a broad procedure of discussion with the focused on networks of the aboriginals was directed simultaneously alongside the HIA. This venture of conference was encircled for permitting the native networks to have their perspectives and contributions to the usage and further alteration of the HK program and express their conclusions on the current methodologies of the program (De
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Leadership and Management â⬠Essay Example
Initiative and Management â⬠Essay Example Authority and Management â⬠Paper Authority and Management â⬠Paper Understudy Name: Teacher: Class Name: Date of Submission: Authority and Management â⬠Indira Gandhi Authority and the board are two most significant perspectives in any general public or corporate setting. The two are basic if any association or network is to play out its capacities effectively and head the correct way. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that the two are connected, there lies a particular distinction between the two. Initiative is the way toward affecting individuals socially. Here, one individual can mobilize masses so as to achieve a given objective. Authority as indicated by specialists is inherent and imbued in the character of an individual. (Richard Pat, 37). The genuine significance of authority is the capacity of the individual being referred to bring oneself down to the degree of servertitude to a people. It is giving up for your kin and settling on choices with their eventual benefits on the most fundamental level. A few people contend that pioneers are conceived rather than being formed by society. Pioneers have supporters rather than troughs that have subordinates. There has been a misinterpretation that great heads are conceived. Great administration is a character that can be procured with appropriate preparing. This is through the persistent procedures of self-study, instruction, preparing, and experience. The capacity to move oneââ¬â¢s adherents into more elevated levels of cooperation requires certain aptitudes and capacities that don't happen normally yet are gained through the ceaseless procedure of difficult work and study. The board then again is the demonstration of sorting out, controlling, arranging and guiding an offered people to encourage the creation of helpful results from a framework (Uma, 74). A supervisor should work in accordance with a lot of very much characterized destinations or objectives. The demonstration of the board is for the most part highlight of foundations otherwise called frameworks. These frameworks could be enterprises and organizations, instruction or strict foundations among others. Great administrations characterize an effective organization while poor administration is a definitive destruction of the equivalent. The executives includes the way toward getting a gathering of individuals to act in a planned way to accomplish the set out objectives. This is cultivated utilizing the accessible assets productively and successfully. In spite of the fact that it is conceivable to have an unadulterated trough in an association, current corporate and social patterns require the directors to have authority characteristics. A decent pioneer isn't just required to use the given assets effectively in meeting the endorsed objectives, but at the same time is relied upon to rouse the individuals who serve under him into significance. The person in question is to be a good example where his advantage is to include the advancement of the subordinates. At the point when one picks up the respect and regard of his group, the person in question will be in a superior situation to meet his destinations since he will procure the collaboration of the whole group. The present reality has encountered hair-raising pioneers. Individuals who have moved masses and changed countries. Other world pioneers then again have flopped in administration prompting the affliction and abuse of the majority that they lead. One extraordinary and remarkable initiative symbol is a lady by the name Indira Ghandi. Conceived in the year 1917, the Indian government official turned into the subsequent lady to hold the workplace of executive where she served for three continuous terms (Joseph, 93). As anyone might expect, she was the little girl and a lone offspring of the principal executive of India once it picked up autonomy. To date she rests as the second longest serving female head administrator. She is a lady, ascend over the one sided and prejudicial examples that the world had about ladies and challenged customary guidelines. Decides that recommended that such spaces like authority were for the hold of men. Indira Ghandi was a transformational pioneer (Peter, 77). This is the sort of pioneer who causes constructive change in a people or social framework. She had the option to cause changes in the people whom she served and the whole social framework. Through her administration, numerous individuals were inspired, support the spirit and execution of a large portion of the Indians and other people who essentially live in the underdeveloped countries. This was cultivated through an assortment of components. She had the option to recognize and associate with the poor in the public eye who at the time made up a lot of Indiaââ¬â¢s populace. During her rule, she was answerable for boosting the economy of India to get one of the quickest developing economies of the world. Indira Gandhi didn't appreciate the benefits experienced by numerous kids since she was denied of typical youth. Her life definitely changed after a visit by Mohandas Gandhi who at the time was the conservative head of the Indian opportunity development. The pioneer changed over Indira Gandhi along with her folks. This later prompted her parentââ¬â¢s detainment when she was just four years of age due to their extreme exercises. This imprisoning would later become visit in this way denying her an ordinary adolescence. The consistent weaknesses of her youth assumed a vital job in forming her into the sure pioneer she was. The encounters solidified her building up a profound goals of not getting injured as her mom had been. Her youth games identified with her future wars with the British government. In one case, when she was just eleven years of age, she played a counterfeit cash unit like the epic Indian story Ramayana. In this detachment, she would sanction a war against the British. Her rising into such a high office of, that of a head administrator was of huge motivation to the ladies of India and the remainder of the world when ladies were all the while battling to locate an equivalent spot in the general public. This drove her to turning into an image of progress to the ladies and the third world. Indira Gandhi style of authority was for the most part imperious. This style of initiative includes one individual tyrannical the dynamic procedures . Indira Gandhi is viewed as a dictatorial pioneer since she settled on choices dependent on her own thoughts and decisions with little thought of the guidance offered by others. This prompted her having numerous foes during her political residency. This style of initiative was especially advantageous during her residency in light of the fact that during her time, a large portion of the choices should have been pondered on rapidly. Her dictatorial style empowered her to comply with time constraints and have venture wrapped up. Indira Gandhi had faith in hard initiative styles instead of Sonia Gandhi who for the most part utilized delicate authority styles. Her style of administration is generally accused for her last death. Her hard authority style was consistently about setting more confidence on execution than on the individuals running the administration. This is as opposed to Sonia Gandhiââ¬â¢s delicate administration styles where she put more accentuation on the issues influencing the individuals than on execution. Indira Gandhi additionally put stock in both transformational and value-based authority style instead of Sonia Gandhiââ¬â¢s transformational initiative style. The time winning Indiraââ¬â¢s administration called for increasingly solidified initiative styles rather than the present occasions, which call upon all the more delicate methodologies in confronting the present issues. despite the fact that Sonia appears to be delicate outwardly, her activities show that she is a resilient lady who settles on extreme choices. This she does with more worry for the individuals she serves. The administration styles of the two ladies were pertinent as per the occasions wherein they served. Soniaââ¬â¢s delicate initiative is especially compelling in illuminating the debasement issues influencing the individuals of India. She is a cool scholar who battles debasement on all fronts. She is snappy in pondering on choices relating to defilement condemning to individuals regardless of their gathering affiliations. Her authority style is primarily viable in the alliance government she serves in, which endless supply of an exercise in careful control. Despite the fact that pundits have a great deal to state about her iron guideline and dismissal for vote based system, individuals in the entire concur that she did a ton for her nation. The head administrator of the term rushed to guard the interests of the individuals of her nation (Shakuntala, 75). In 1971, India encountered a difficult that took steps to disable its battling economy. The administration of Pakistan sidelined the individuals of the populated East of Pakistan and thusly treated them treacherously and savagely. The broad barbarities came about to individuals escaping Pakistan and entering India as evacuees. Inside a brief timeframe, there was a flood of displaced people in India. This caused budgetary insecurity and hardship in the nation. Indira pursued a war against Pakistan, developing successful. Her choice to do battle with Pakistani was not in favor with numerous individuals particularly the west. The United States, which was on the side of Pakistan, cut off its relations with India however this didn't shake Indiraââ¬â¢s stand. Toward the end, her choices, as investigators state, helped Pakistan balance out strategically and monetarily (Morgen, 62) Another solid character that helped Indira change India in her period is that she had faith in going past the standards. She went past the basic request and proceeded to plan inventive methods of doing this. She was what can be called, a progressive chief (Peter, 90) A progressive head by definition is a pioneer who causes an unexpected and significant positive effect on humankind. The best contention on the side of this is the thing that came to be known as the ââ¬ËGreen Revolutionââ¬â¢ in India. The crowded nation had been battling with ceaseless food deficiencies since its autonomy. Through Indira Ghandi, a similar nation turned into a significant exporter of wheat, rice, cotton and milk on the grounds that there was an overflow underway. Ghandi put her foot solidly on the ground and announced that her nation was done going to depend
Friday, August 21, 2020
Marketing Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Advertising Concept - Essay Example The advertising idea is unique in relation to all the others, which incorporate item, selling creation and all encompassing showcasing. This is on the grounds that it includes thinking of items as indicated by the requirements of the clients. The others may include the promotions of the items after they are instant. Subsequently, it is a greater amount of the client getting some answers concerning the firm. In the showcasing idea, statistical surveying is completely directed. The firm checks out discovering the requirements of shoppers. This idea shows some inborn characteristics. It shows thought of tastes and inclinations of shoppers, as contradicted inspiration by benefit boost. It additionally shows that the firm maintains morals unequivocally. The explanation for this is even what is important the most doesn't prevent the firm from doing what is right.The advertising idea is both invaluable to the firm and the customers. Individuals will in general feel that the benefits of a fi rm are just expanded by the most immediate techniques whose impacts are promptly felt. Be that as it may, this is never the situation. There is a need to take a gander at what's to come. The conduction of research on purchasers may appear to be more affordable for a little firm. In any case, this is an incredibly costly endeavor for a bigger firm. This is on the grounds that huge firms might be serving a wide geological market. It might require the utilization of a large portion of the cutting edge advances. Subsequently, this may appear to be a strategy that is less profitable to the firm.... Individuals will in general feel that the benefits of a firm are just expanded by the most immediate strategies whose impacts are promptly felt. In any case, this is never the situation. There is a need to take a gander at what's to come. The conduction of research on purchasers may appear to be more affordable for a little firm. Notwithstanding, this is an incredibly costly endeavor for a bigger firm. This is on the grounds that enormous firms might be serving a wide land showcase. It might require the utilization of a large portion of the cutting edge advancements. Along these lines, this may appear to be a technique that is less beneficial to the firm. Notwithstanding, the specific inverse is valid. To start with, this sort of showcasing draws in more clients. This is the point at which they understand that their advantages are considered by the firm. The other preferred position is long haul. The firm can set up the needs and needs of customers. In this manner, they think of item s that can fulfill the shoppers for quite a while. This guarantees benefit boost. Presentation of the picked business. The chief point of this exposition is to talk about the use of the showcasing idea in reality. This must be accomplished utilizing a live case of a firm in reality. Thusly, it was basic to consider an organization that has had a long history with this idea. Hence, Standard Life was the perfect decision. This is a speculation and long haul sparing business. It chiefly manages life confirmation. The head quarters of this organization is in Edinburgh. Notwithstanding, its tasks happen all around the world. Standard Life has been the vital subject of discussion for quite a while. This is because of a portion of its strategies, just as acts. In any case, this organization has shown constant accomplishment throughout the years. This is
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
A History of Extended Essay Economics Topics Refuted
A History of Extended Essay Economics Topics Refuted Among other requirements for the elongated essay, there's a point about topics. It's often best to choose those topics which you are passionate about. Be that as it might, the topic for your essay is a critical thing that has to be chosen carefully and with higher precision. It might be that you're searching for lengthy definition essay topics which are rather direct or possibly more abstract. There is an extensive selection of definition essay ideas a student could utilize to compose an essay about. The principal issue is all about creating a different page along with all the sources of quotes utilized in your extended essay. The best method is to check through some wonderful extended essay examples. Track your order wherever you truly feel like and be conscious of the circumstance. If you aren't certain of who you want to be your advisor, I would start by producing a list of your top few choices. Of course, you can't just produce a suitable issue to develop on the go. High school students who complete the programme receive a chance to produce their college application seem more attractive for the committee, and obtain some exceptional interdisciplinary understanding. How to Get Started with Extended Essay Economics Topics? There is no simple way to acquire high marks, but I think students want to stick to the criteria very carefully to make sure they gain each of the basic marks. You've got to narrow down the subject and pick an area which it is simple to address. Since you may see, students are certain to face a number of challenges should they need to turn into a member of the buy essay club. Have a look at our guide to finding your intended school. You won't be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in a week and receive an A. To begin with, find what you actually wish to explore. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. There are various reasons for which you may be asked to compose a protracted essay. They'll consult you on any situation. What You Don't Know About Extended Essay Economics Topics Whether there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it could be too narrow. To purchase essay online, you simply will need to fill in the application form and you'll get excellent work on the desired topic. If there aren't enough sources, your idea is too narrow and you have to readjust it. Before you become carried away your topic you must carefully consider how you might collect information to reply to your question. Let's say you should purchase essay for college. An excellent research question is crucial to a fantastic Extended Essay. Picking a topic that's personally desirable is the critical aim. Disagreement questions to acquire essay continuing to continue to keep pets. Your list will just supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. Our site is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. You can depend on the very best essay help online. Students often feel frustrated by the many details of the Extended Essay but there are several helpful resources they could check. Extended Essay Economics Topics at a Glance Comparisons aren't the only approach to acquire a grade A EE. When it has to do with diploma studies, students participate in a type of practical composing known as extended papercomposing. Students should work through the list to make sure they have completed the crucial regions of the Extended Essay. It is just as important for students to keep in mind there is an assortment of varieties of essays. You ought to be asking one relatively straightforward question. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I advise attempting to brainstorm a topic that utilizes a c omparison. The very best advice I can offer you is start early and select your research question carefully. It means that there's no shortage for economic topics for essay, the one thing you've got to do to be able to locate a good one is to continue to keep your eyes open and look around carefully.
Friday, May 15, 2020
The First Type Of A Person Essay - 1742 Words
An individual can be one of three types of people when he is trying to remember someone. The first type is someone who would off the bat recognize the other person as being familiar, but just cannot recall that personââ¬â¢s name in that exact moment. The second type would be someone who recognizes the person by name, but would not recognize him when he sees him in person. The third type is the person would be the star individual who could correctly recognize the person and confidently greet the person by name. The majority of my friends, as well as myself, often lean towards the first type of person. The feeling that the word, such as the name of a person, is within grasp, but for some reason, you are incapable of verbalizing the word is known as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. It is also frequently referred to as its abbreviated name: TOT. More often than not, we are used to hearing about your parents or someone older who you know experiencing episodes of forgetting where they placed items, such as their car keys, are. As troublesome as it may be, it is merely a symptom of growing older. As we age, our memory will start to deteriorate along with our youthful appearance, causing us to have a harder time to recall information, such as names. Information lasting more than 30 seconds in your mind gets moved from your working memory to your long-term memory where it is stored for the rest of your life. Psychologists believe long-term memory is unlimited whereas short-term orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Understanding Schizophrenia1698 Words à |à 7 PagesAmerican Heritage Dictionary. No definition of schizophrenia can adequately describe all people with this illness. Schizophrenia is an extremely complex mental illness. It is clear that schizophrenia is a disease which makes it difficult for the person with the illness to decide what is real and what is not (Swados 5). It is also clear that this brain disease affects normal, intelligent people in all walks of life. There are six concrete phrases that describe schizophrenia: it is a real diseaseRead MoreHealth Problem Of Diabetes And Obesity1182 Words à |à 5 Pagesis the hormone which typically regulates this process. There are two types of diabetes. The first is type 1. This is caused due to a failure in the insulin producing cells of the pancreas and is diagnosed when a person is young. Type 2 diabetes is the more common diabetes. It can be diagnosed at any time and occurs when blood glucose levels begin to rise higher than normal. This is also called hyperglycemia. When your body first starts to experience this rise in blood glucose levels, your pancreasRead MoreTypes of Personality Essay1030 Words à |à 5 PagesPersonality is something that is related to the characteristic pattern, thought, feelings and behaviour of a person (Cherry, 2014). There are many theories that have been stated in order to describe personality (Cherry, 2014). Everyone has his/her own unique personality. Different person has a different personality and each kind of personality has its own advantages and weaknesses. Everyone should appreciate his/her own personality, and also others personality too. It is important to understand otherRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Body Shaming Analysis1745 Words à |à 7 Pagessomeone criticizes someone elses body, or that person criticizes their own body due to trying to compare their body with someone elseââ¬â¢s. When someone body shames another person, there are consequences on the person who was shamed. However, body shaming can lessen by people becoming more educated on what body shaming is, people developing more respect toward others, and people being happier with who they are and how they look. Body shaming causes the person who was shamed to develop many body image issuesRead MoreIntelligence And The Theory Of Intelligence Essay1737 Words à |à 7 PagesHuman intellect is what makes humans ââ¬Å"smartâ⬠and sets us aside from animals and other types of beings. Many researchers in psychology have studied intelligence and how it makes us, us. Intelligence has since become something that can be tested and measured through a wide array of tests. Although intelligence can vary from person to person, it is what truly makes us human. The theory of intelligence was first brought up around 300 BC, the time of the Greek philosophers. Greek scholars and philosophersRead MoreDiabetes: Diabetic Emergencies1060 Words à |à 5 PagesWhat is a diabetic emergency? Well, first we must understand what diabetes is. Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body uses blood glucose (or commonly known as blood sugar) your body isnââ¬â¢t able to take the sugar from your bloodstream and carry it to your body cells where it can be used for energy. There are two types of diabetes; Type I (insulin dependent) and Type II (non-insulin dependent). Both types can cause a diabetic emergency. Both types require medical intervention/treatmentRead MoreTheme Of Love In A Midsummer Nights Dream907 Words à |à 4 PagesMidsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream Essay There are several types of love that can be found within the play, ââ¬Å"A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dreamâ⬠by William Shakespeare. I will cover the following three types of love found in the play, forced love, romantic love, and parental love. In the play Shakespeare actually tries to show the audience just how fickle love can be and even goes out of his way to poke fun at those who cannot let go of the love that they feel for another person. Another concept that Shakespeare seemsRead MoreThe Bereavement Role, Disenfranchised Grief And The Four Tasks Of Mourning1112 Words à |à 5 Pagesexempted from their normal social responsibilities (Leming and Dickinson, p.492, 2016). The bereavement role is considered temporary and should only last short term. There are cases in which is lasts long term and is defined as abnormal behavior. Types of deviant behavior include malingering in the bereavement role, rejecting attempts from others who offer social and emotional support, r efusal to seek counseling, rejecting public funeral rituals, engaging in aberrant behavior such as heavy drug orRead MoreConflict Resolution Model Essay1217 Words à |à 5 PagesConflict Resolution Model By: Anna Stadnikov What is a conflict resolution model? A conflict resolution model is a model that helps a person reassess who they are and what type of conflict they are dealing with. It also helps a person see how they deal with a conflict. There many types of situations that a person is put into, but it all depends on how he or she are willing to deal with the conflict. This model was created by Thomas and Kilmann and they wanted to show how people deal with conflictRead MoreCommunication and Collaboration939 Words à |à 4 Pagesvarious learning types and personality types. I will also develop strategies for communicating and collaborating effectively within group of people with different learning team learning styles and personality types. There are three basic learning styles. The most common are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. To learn, we depend on our senses to process the information around us. Most people tend to use of their senses more than the others. There are four different personality types are the organizer
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Design Of The Autocad Computer Program - 871 Words
Engineering design has played a crucial role in developing our way of life. Nearly everything we use has an engineering design component. The creation of the AutoCAD computer program only further increased the potential of design. The program AutoCAD has revolutionized the engineering and architectural field by making several improvements to safety, efficiency, the feasibility of design, simulations, quality control, and the ability to save time/money. First, AutoCAD design has made it incredibly feasible to create designs in the engineering and architectural fields. There are many tools that AutoCAD offers compared to traditional design of pencil and paper. In my experience, AutoCAD has made it simple for me to create various drawings by using simple commands. Some examples of these commands include, the trim, explode, and fillet commands. What would take me hours to draw by hand is greatly reduced to an hour or two with AutoCAD. Furthermore, engineers and architects are able to use AutoCAD design to make their jobs easier. Engineers can use AutoCAD to create models in 2D and 3D which helps them view two forms of their design. AutoCAD also removes the need to start a design from scratch because the user can just save and add to their design later. This is very helpful in both fields because it allows current mistakes in one design to be easily fixed in the future. If something were to happen to a tool or building, then a professional can go back and pinpoint the issueShow MoreRelatedBenefits of Implementing Computer-Aided Design in Construction Planning734 Words à |à 3 PagesHow Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Systems Help Engineers and Architects How would you feel if you wake up one morning and realise that the world you lived in is different from what it is today? 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Constructing My Cultural Identity free essay sample
This article provides a critical reflective analysis of my life growing up in Jamaica where I attended colonial school, to making the transition to high school in the Canadian context. I examine the elements that have influenced my cultural/racial identity as a person of African ancestry living in the diaspora. I ask questions such as how has colonial education influenced my cultural identity and how I see myself? I address the complexity of my racial and gender identity drawing on a Black feminist theoretical framework and anticolonial thought to inform this work. Cet article presente une analyse critique et reflechie de mon enfance en Jamaique, ou jââ¬â¢ai etudie a une ecole coloniale, et de ma transition vers lââ¬â¢ecole secondaire au Canada. Je me penche sur les elements qui ont influence mon identite culturelle/raciale comme personne dââ¬â¢ascendance africaine vivant dans la diaspora. Je pose des questions portant sur lââ¬â¢influence de lââ¬â¢education coloniale sur mon identite culturelle et ma facon de me voir. Ce travail repose sur le cadre theorique du feminisme noir, ainsi que sur la pensee anticoloniale. Introduction The purpose of this article is to examine the forces that have shaped my identity as a child of the African diaspora, first growing up in the Caribbean and then the encounter between my Jamaican culture and the Canadian cultural context. I attempt to address the following questions: How has my identity been formed? What parts of my life have been honored, and what parts are excluded and why? How does society view me versus my own definition of myself? And more important, how can I salvage and maintain my identity? I critically draw on the reality, dilemmas, and contradictions of life that show my struggle to negotiate my identity and self-awareness as an individual of African ancestry in the Jamaican and later the Canadian education system. The discussion in this article is informed by a Black feminist standpoint. I believe that theorizing from a Black feminist discursive framework helps me to tell my story and rethink my experiences in a paradigm that takes into account the social dimensions of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other forms of domination. In addition, I employ an anticolonial framework, as this emphasizes the potency of racism, colonization, and imperialism on diasporic peoples and their identity (Dei, 2002). My Discursive Framework As mentioned above, this article takes a Black feminist standpoint in accordance with the perspective of a Black heterosexual woman living in Canada. It is an approachââ¬âa frameworkââ¬âfrom which one can challenge systems of Erica Neegan is a doctoral candidate at the University of Toronto. Her research interest includes Indigenous Knowledges, Black feminist thought and anti-colonial and decolonizing pedagogy. Constructing My Cultural Identity domination in society. A Black feminist discourse helps me to tell my story and reclaim my identity as a Black woman. As Wane (2002) notes in her definition of Black feminist thought, Black feminist thought is a theoretical tool meant to elucidate and analyze the historical, social and economic relationships of women of African descent as the basis for development of a liberatory praxis â⬠¦ It can be applied to situate Black womenââ¬â¢s past and present experiences that are grounded in their multiple oppressions. (p. 38) Black feminism has provided a space and a framework for the expression of Black womenââ¬â¢s diverse identities. I believe that Black Canadian feminist thought is informed by practice and vice versa. In other words, my lived realities inform theory and help me to make sense of what is going on around me. Black Canadian feminist theory, then, becomes a practical way for me to make sense of my experiences in a Canadian context vis-a-vis Black women in the United States context. This makes it especially significant to tell my story as a Black woman experiencing life in Canada. However, sharing oneââ¬â¢s story can be painful. Yet it can also be a liberating and transformatory experience. hooks (1993) writes, ââ¬Å"Telling the truth about oneââ¬â¢s life is not simply about naming the bad things, like exposing horrors. It is also about being able to speak openly and honestly about feelings and experiencesâ⬠(p. 27). At the same time, it must be noted that Black womenââ¬â¢s experiences are not homogeneous, but they do share a distinct form of oppression. By using a Black feminist framework, racialized and gendered individuals can collectively mark their presence in the world where Black women have for so long been denied the privilege of speaking (Mirza, 1997). Furthermore, Parmar (1987) points out that being cast in the role of the Otherââ¬âmarginalized and discriminated against not only in everyday discourse, but also in the grand narratives of European thoughtââ¬âBlack women have fought to assert privately and publicly their sense of self, a self rooted in particular history cultures and languages. Thus the experiences of women of African descent are crucial to Black feminist thought. In turn, Black feminist theory captures our experiences and helps us to reconstruct our lives in a positive form. In conjunction with Black feminist theory, I also take on an anticolonial, discursive framework because it challenges systems of domination and subordination and their continuing effects on Indigenous peoples across the world. Furthermore, because anticolonial discourse is about the absence of colonial imposition, colonialism must be seen not from the perspective of being foreign, but rather as a system of domination and conquest (Dei, 2002). This type of discourse allows one to challenge institutionalized systems of domination. Reflections of my Lived Reality I speak from the perspective of a person who is colonized. As a result of my experiences, I have a keen knowledge of imperialism, and its effect is central to the decolonization process, which in turn is at the core of reclaiming my identity. Before this can be done, I need to know who I am. After listening to a lecture on race and representation by Hall (1997), I concluded that I was a cultural hybrid. That is, my identity is not fixed, but changes depending on where I am. As Hall asserts, cultural identity comesà 273 E. Neegan from somewhere and has a history. However, cultural identity is not static and is subject to the continual play of history, power, and culture. Similarly, TwoTrees (1993) describes herself: ââ¬Å"I see myself as a multi-dimensional: faceted being, one facet being woman, one artist, one African American, one Native American. To speak of any one facet more than another dulls the beauty of the whole thing reflecting lightâ⬠(p. 14). I remember when I was a youngster staring at myself in the mirror and asking myself the question ââ¬Å"Who are you? â⬠Years later, I imagine looking through a cracked mirror and seeing figments: a distorted, fragmented image of myself. I am still searching for the real me. First of all, am I from Africa? Growing up in Jamaica and in Canada, it was extremely difficult to associate myself with being from Africa. For me Africa was a dirty word. I literally thought that Africans were like monkeys, swinging from vines and in need of being ââ¬Å"civilized. â⬠So I absolutely refused to be labeled African. Yet one cannot run from who one is. Being African is deeply engrained in me despite the fact that I tried to negate my African identity. I became conscious that I was Black, and therefore deemed to be ugly, at an early age. I remember that it was always the lighter-skinned people in my junior school in Jamaica who were considered academically bright and who were the teachersââ¬â¢ favorite students. Sometimes it did not matter how hard you tried; darker-skinned students were deemed inferior and were treated as such. So I learned to negate my Blackness at an early age, and schooling helped create in me a marginalized identity. With few exceptions, darker-skinned students like myself were deemed intellectually inferior. I continually asked myself as a child, ââ¬Å"Why did my mother have to make me Black with hair like coconut husk when she was light-skinned with long hair? â⬠When I lived in Jamaica, I was Black and considered ugly. Some family members treated me as inferior vis-a-vis lighter skinned relatives. For example, during an overnight visit with a close relative, I was given old, torn clothes to sleep in and a sheet to cover myself with, whereas my lighter-skinned relative was given brand new clothes and sheet. Other times, relatives would openly ridicule my short, tightly curled hair. Everything around me including peopleââ¬â¢s attitudes indicated to me that I was lesser than lighter-skinned persons. Years later when I went back for a visit, people noticed that my hair had grown longer and that my skin tone had become brown, or lighter. I was now brown and pretty. Ironically, not until my second year in a Canadian university did I start feeling good about myself as an individual of African ancestry. My perception of myself had been negative despite what I used to hear about Black being beautiful, for I lived in a world where to be Black produced feelings of shame, worthlessness, and anger. Although Jamaican society is predominantly made up of people of African ancestry, the reality in the schools and at home did not necessarily reflect the view that Black was beautiful. As Young (2006) asserts, To be Black is to have accrued a subjectivity haunted by the spectral traces of a social, political and ideological history. Blackness is historically and culturally specific embodied discourse constituted in and through a discursive tradition mobilized by the reconstituted figure of Africa and brutal systems of oppression such as slavery and imperialism. (p. 25) 274 Constructing My Cultural Identity Furthermore, my skin was not the only signifier of inferiority. Indeed, hair texture was also a mark of status. The closer oneââ¬â¢s hair was to Anglo-Saxon texture, the better treated the individual might be. Growing up in Jamaica, my hair was detrimental to my identity. If only my texture was silky like that of my mother, grandmother, and sister, who were amicably referred to as Dougla (half Indian) by family and community members. When I was younger, my mother would pull and tug at my hair to comb through it. I remember once the comb broke in half. I was the one with the bad hair. Lighter-skinned people always seemed to be better off than the darkerskinned ones. Yet money for food had to be prioritized. I borrowed a hot comb from a friend and decided to straighten my hair. Many times I would parade around with burned skin from the hot comb, but my thoughts at the time were that it was worth it. Similarly, TwoTrees (1993) notes, Since I was a child my hair has been the plague of my life. I longed for the silken braids of my fatherââ¬â¢s mother but what I beheld in the mirror was hair made of iron, curved and twisted like mountain snake back roads and wild stubborn as kudzu, a weed that grows like an unchecked brush fire.à (p. 17) Such feelings continue today. Recently a close family member told me that my 5-year-old niece was asked at school why her hair was not like her sisterââ¬â¢s. In other words, she has ââ¬Å"bad hairâ⬠whereas her little sister has ââ¬Å"good hair. â⬠Unfortunately, at the young age of 5, my niece has already learned t o hate and to question her African identity. By the time I was 8 years old, I believed I had to get rid of my hair texture by whatever means necessary. I pressured my mother to send me to the hairdresser. I saw the privileges bestowed on those whose physical features more closely resembled those of people with AngloSaxon ancestry, and I craved it. hooks (1993) discusses the politics of hair and its effect on the Black female identity. She asks an important question: How is it that little Black girls learn even before they know anything about racism that their hair is a problem? In her examination of the politics of skin color, she argues that without a doubt, dark-skinned Black females suffer the most abuse when Black people internalize white supremacist notions of beauty. As she argues, we live in a white supremacist culture where aspects of Blackness are highly devalued. ââ¬Å"Blacks are wounded by forces of domination regardless of our access to material privilege. We are all wounded by white supremacyâ⬠(p. 87). Unfortunately, this experience is also common with other groups who have been colonized: ââ¬Å"Right through high school and even university I wanted to be whiteâ⬠(Yee, 1993, p. 23). This experience mirrors my own as I too negated my Blackness until adulthood and spent almost all my life yearning to be white. Similarly, First Nations writer Harp (1998) recounts: To be me required the examination of who I was. In the quiet of my solitude, I began to assess my faculties I was able to ascertain the following: I had been thinking like a European. I had been feeling like a European. I had been acting like a good European. (p. 67) So colonialism has not only destroyed and displaced peoples, but has also left many of them psychologically, emotionally, and spiritually wounded. Similarly, Jegede (1995) notes, 275 E. Neegan I was a self-hater. I despised myself because of the colour of my skin. I wanted to kill those of lighter complexion. And do you know why? because people love the children with the light skin and the long hair. ââ¬Å"Oh what a pretty child, she got good hair. â⬠I was the one people called dark Vaida or Kizzy from roots. I used to get both Black and White dolls, and I would only play with the White ones, they were the prettiest with long luxurious hair. And, I too wanted the prettiest of long blond hair and blue eyes. (p. 116) Colonial Educational Experiences When I came to Canada and started high school, not much changed. I would skip swimming classes and often end up in the principalââ¬â¢s office for doing so. How could I tell them that I did not wish to get my hair wet because it would be too arduous to comb? How could I say I was different, but it did not make me inferior? After my senior high school years, I began to perm my hair less. Nonetheless, I believe in my undergraduate university years that some transformation away from a colonial mentality was occurring. Sewell (1997) writes: Historically, Black peopleââ¬â¢s hair has been devalued along with the colour of their skin. In the context of the new world, plantation societies, hair remained a powerful symbolic currency that indicated oneââ¬â¢s place in the racial hierarchy. Under this system, the African attributes were devalued and the European elements could facilitate upward social mobility. (pp. 24-25) In my Canadian high school, people from the dominant group in society openly made fun of the physical features of people of African ancestry. It was shameful to be Black even in the best of times. It did not matter that my mother loved me. It did not matter that I had friends who supported me. Nothing can prepare the Black person for the tremendous assault on his or her African identity. Mervyn (2002) argues that even in contemporary Jamaica a manifest series of beliefs and attitudes perpetuate the pathologies of slavery. She adds, ââ¬Å"pictures that represent a person as too Black are regularly discarded. And there is current obsessive focus on mitigating Blackness of the skin tone by bleaching. The goal is to achieve a more brown toneâ⬠(p. 18). Yet in the face of colonization and domination, there is also resistance. Some resistance can be heard in the music, which promotes the beauty of having an African identity. Hair is a major area of contestation. By straightening my hair I had a clear desire to modify my African texture, thereby bringing it closer to a European norm. ââ¬Å"In a colonized world, hair is a feature of salience and of equal value to skin colour in the construction of social value so that straight hair can compensate for Black skin and reward the person with higher social statusâ⬠(Marvyn, 2002, p. 44). Interestingly enough, there are parallels in the education systems of colonial Jamaica and Canada. As in Jamaica, there is the assault on the Black childââ¬â¢s self-identity in the Canadian education system. For example, Maylor (1995) notes, ââ¬Å"The contrast between my dark skin and white teeth provided a source of derision for one of my teachers â⬠¦ If we turn the lights out we will be able to see Uvanneyââ¬â¢s teethâ⬠(p. 43). As McCarthy (1997) suggests, ââ¬Å"Historically, education has been a principal site for the reproduction and elaboration of racial meaning and racial identitiesâ⬠(p. 544). My life as an undergraduate university student was not always what I had expected. In one of my political science classes, I and two other Black students 276 Constructing My Cultural Identity were the only students of color. On the first day of class, the professor, who was from the dominant culture and female, passed the attendance sheet around for us to ensure our that names were listed. I was utterly shocked to see that the word Black was written next to my name. I glanced at the names on the list and saw Black written next to the names of the other two Black students. I felt angered, but also powerless. The three of us tried to make sense of the situation, yet it was difficult to rationalize. This was only a few years ago. We talked about the consequences of taking a complaint to the universityââ¬â¢s administration. Eventually, because of concerns that they might be graded lower by this professor, the other two students dropped out of the class. One could argue that they were forced out. Although I was determined to stay, after the third class I kept feeling more and more invisible. Then I too dropped out of the course. To this day I wonder what more I could have done to address this action that marginalized us. McCarthy (1997) asserts that inequality exists in school settings and that various groups based on their race, class, and gender have qualitatively variable experiences in schools. She says that the groups exist in constitutive tension and often compete with each other where each student receives varying forms of rewards and evaluations. This has serious implications for students who are perceived as inferior. The question, then, is how can we decolonize education practices in Canada or in Jamaica and make education holistic? Whether yesterday or today, the fact still remains that as people of African ancestry, we still live on the fringes of society. My ancestors have added depth and personality to my life on a personal level. The places I speak from are multifaceted. My identity has so many aspects. Many Jamaicans, including me, were always proud to say that we had some Scottish ancestry. It is often echoed with pride and dignity. Yet although we know that we have African blood in our veins, we are proud of the non-African blood as if it made us better and more human. Earlier I would be quick to say that I had nothing in common with African people. I am Jamaican. Yet to consider myself Jamaican is to ignore the existence of the Indigenous peoples of Jamaica who were not African Blacks, but rather the Taino, the true Jamaicans to put it bluntly. How can I ignore their presence? Whenever I visit the Island, I can feel their presence/spirit around me. We learned through history that the Indigenous population was virtually wiped out. But although I know that many have suffered death and genocide, I believe that many of we African peoples in the diaspora have Indigenous blood in our veins. Why does my maternal grandmother resemble the Indigenous peoples, and how do I reclaim this part of my own identity? What about their contribution to the construction of Jamaican national identity, which has been largely ignored? I recently asked a friend how could I know what country in Africa my ancestors were from. He replied, ââ¬Å"It does not matter. You are from Africa. â⬠I agree. Gone are the days when I found it necessary not to equate myself with people of African ancestry. I know that my ancestors are speaking to me. They guide me through the struggles of everyday life, and I have so much to thank them for. I find myself being drawn closer to my ancestors. My multifaceted 277 E. Neegan identity symbolizes the nature of the diaspora. There need be no state of confusion. For example, I was looked down on for speaking the rich Jamaican language by school personnel both in Canada and in Jamaica as well as in the family. It was and still is associated with underachievement. Although we had a deep-seated knowledge that the language was part of the heritage of our African ancestors, it became easy to negate it. It was not until I was working on my masterââ¬â¢s thesis that I realized that the words were a form of resistance and one of the languages that emerged from the imposition and dislocation caused by slavery. Still today, I am scolded for speaking the language I know by the education system, family, and society. Yet another essential part of my identity is silenced. I was taught that it was an obstacle to any form of achievement. Nonetheless, I consider it to be a confirmation of my true identity as an African woman. Like many other Black students, I know English. Yet we choose to speak our language, which is viewed as a deficit by the school system in Canada and in Jamaica. I speak from personal experience. Blacks who speak our language, referred to as patois, are often placed in applied-level streams in high school, and they often become working-class poor as a result. Solomon and Brown (1998) assert that Black students are three times more likely to be in special education classes than in gifted classes. I always wondered why so many of us were in special education classes. Like many other Black students, I was stereotyped as uneducated and backward and lacking the desire to speak ââ¬Å"properâ⬠English. This was yet another attack on the identity of Black children. Identity and Representation Can I truly consider myself Canadian? How can I fit into the traditional definition of what constitutes a Canadian when some people of African ancestry who have been in Canada for several generations are still asked where they are from? Or even worse, First Peoples are continually asked what country they are from. Yee (1993) speaks of never being Canadian although she grew up in Canada. As she puts it, ââ¬Å"I am constantly separated from-by the forces of racism that always keep me asking questions of identity, belonging, place and voiceâ⬠(p. 4). At the same time as knowing the truth of how Canada came to be, I have to ask myself, is it really that bad not to be considered Canadian? Perhaps not at all. My hair, a physical marker, is now a public and political statement of my Black African identity. I also sit in a privileged position as a doctoral student. Nonetheless, being Black in Canada is a liability, and the greater civil society is not always kind to the Other. People of African ancestry are systematically marginalized in Canadian society. The proof of this is evident. Some diseases are specific to Blacks because of our low economic status in society. We are popular in the criminal justice system, and we suffer high levels of both unemployment and underemployment. Many images in society reinforce our Otherness. All these factors limit our life chances. I can only imagine what my ancestors went through to carve even this space for me today. Much of my existence in this society has been a lonely journey. Although I lived in a predominantly Black country during my childhood, colonial attitudes die hard. I became aware of being the Other at an early age. Ironically, because of the psychological injury I faced in my everyday life, I woke up from a state ofà 278 Constructing My Cultural Identity unconscious existence to consciousness of my gender, racial, and class position in society. The oppression and marginalization I have endured and the challenges I have overcome in my life have helped me to feel that I can do whatever I wish regardless of the obstacles. As peoples whose identity and culture has been stolen, destroyed, distorted , and omitted from knowledge production we mustââ¬âfor our ancestors, ourselves, and most of all for our children so that they can have a strong sense of cultural identity and selfââ¬âstrive to manage the claws of colonization. I too have passively accepted the notion that people of African ancestry are lazy. Often I wondered why and how they had never contributed to anything. I thought that we deserved to be treated as a subjugated race because of our inadequacies. Yet it was later as an adult that I realized that we have indeed contributed to society, but these contributions have been omitted from the history books. Growing up in contemporary Jamaica, I recall that anything European was regarded in high esteem. As Blacks we were taught to despise anything that was reminiscent of our African heritage. The placing of Europeans at the center of civilization in the education system also enabled me to reject my own identity. As a people, we are in denial of ourselves, our history, and the history of racism. I received many contradictory messages from society. Yet gaining access to higher education has helped me in the process of immersing myself in my Blackness. I have exposed my inner self through reflecting on my experiences like a lost child suffering from withdrawal from its mother. I feel the need to reconnect and reclaim my identity and embrace myself. Slavery, conquest, and colonialism created dominant and subjugated peoples. It also meant the representation of the dominant people as superior beings vis- a-vis the Other. Wangoola (2000) notes how Africans in their new environment used whatever resources they had to shield their traditions, which were continually under attack. The ancestors sacrificed greatly to bring our sacred knowledge to us. How, then, can I not honor sacred ancestral spiritual healing traditions such as Pochomania, Kunina, and Obeah. How can I continue to negate such African spirituality? During slavery these Indigenous forms of spirituality were perceived as pagan. The masters wanted us to believe that as African peoples our intellectuality never rose above magic and superstition (Mervyn, 2002). Yet is this any different from Catholic rituals that are deemed normal? Do we not as African peoples have the right to have our knowledge taught in schools as are the dominant traditions? Graveline (1998), in Circle Works, remarks how she draws on traditional Aboriginal knowing to assist her in surviving the nightmares of contemporary society. I often go to Jamaica and partake in the healing offered by these ceremonies. These are symbols of the resistance and survival of my ancestors. As African Indigenous ways of knowing survive, or the ways that we as African peoples have reinvented in order to hang onto our identity, I too am drawn back to my roots almost as a form of self-representation. Living in North America, sometimes it is a struggle as a Black female for me to make it through each day. These Indigenous ways of knowing keep me going. I think about the drums I hear beating, the chanting and singing, forbidden to partake fully in such sacred ceremonies because even my ownà 279 E. Neegan family, who are part of the colonial project, see them as backward. Yet the sound of the drums keeps me alive. Colonialism succeeded on one hand, but once one starts to view the world from another lens, colonialism becomes a failure. Colonial education alienated the local people from their environment and denigrated local culture and traditional values and norms (Ellis, 1988). Everything about my Blackness t hat was negated is now at the center of my inner being. Wangoola (2000) notes how African values, ceremonies, and festivals were undermined. To keep our traditions alive, our ancestors had to blend and create spiritual systems. Like Graveline (1998), I too reach out to the knowledge passed down from the ancestors for spiritual healing whenever my identity is wounded by assaults from Eurocentric-dominated institutions. These ways are deeply embedded in African peoples. Wangoola (2000) asserts that in matters of modernization and progress, there was only one knowledge, Western knowledge. Other knowledges were branded as inferior or pure ignorance. Thus African medicine became witchcraft. When I am among some people from the dominant group, as a racialzed person I continually find myself rejecting my race when it collides with the dominant groupââ¬â¢s perceptions. I find myself having to reject my identity according to the space in which I find myself. Colonialism was designed deliberately to breed self-hate among the colonized so as to legitimize its subordination of other people. As a racialized individual, I am perceived as different. When people see me, they often ascribe the stereotypical elements by which most Black women are portrayed. For example, there is often an underlying assumption that I am a loud, boisterous, single mother with no formal education. People are often shocked to discover that I am a doctoral student. I believe that in order to create more inclusive education curricula, that is, less Eurocentric, peopleââ¬â¢s attitudes must change. In other words, how people think and the ideologies with which so many individuals have been indoctrinated need to be altered. Second, individuals will have to be willing to learn more diverse perspectives on what we have come to know as the norm. Furthermore, educators in the system will need to implicate their teaching practices as well as their perceptions of the students they teach. Textbooks written by nonEuropeans and the world views of people other than Europeans need to be voiced in educational institutions to create balance and a welcoming learning environment for all children. Discussion and Conclusion As mentioned above, I carry colonization within me. I believe that we all do. What is more, we have been indoctrinated to think that Eurocentrism is superior. As Wane (2002) noted in a recent lecture, ââ¬Å"the decolonisation process starts within oneselfâ⬠(Lecture notes: Wk.à 5). Furthermore, as anticolonial thinkers, we must deconstruct and demystify what we have come to know as truths in order to reclaim who we truly are and thereby find inner peace. As a teacher and a learner, it is my responsibility to create a space where other forms of knowing can be considered valid. I must share my knowledge with othe rs to help them develop a consciousness of historical and ever-present oppression. As colonized peoples, we all need to gather our resources. We must also create allies with those who can relate to our experiences. We need to tell our stories 280 Constructing My Cultural Identity and rewrite our history from our own perspective. Most important, we need to be community-driven and challenge contemporary colonization by privileging all sorts of knowledges. As mentioned above, there are many examples in society of violence toward the Black African identity and other marginalized groups. And we know that the education system omits the contributions of people of African ancestry, and even worse, denigrates many children of African ancestry. Blacks have been subjugated and forced to accept colonial views through a Eurocentric education. Such institutions are a reflection of the larger society and vice versa. I believe that it is important to reject my old identity, shaped to a large extent by White Eurocentrism, and to create a new one shaped by us. We have suffered loss of identity and fragmentation. We have been denied our true origin, and we in turn have denied ourselves our true African identity and internalized racism and oppression. I believe that it is important for us, we who are aware of race, class, gender, and other forms of oppression, to strategize on how we can build and foster positive cultural identity in our children. We have an obligation to put our energy into serving as mentors for the younger generation. We need to reclaim our heritage. It must not fade away or be forgotten. As the late reggae singer Garnett Silk echoed in the lyrics of his song, ââ¬Å"Hello mamma Africa how are you? I am feeling fine and I hope you are fine too. Mamma Africa, yes I am coming home. â⬠For me, this is a powerful symbol of who I am, and it shows the discontinuous history of Blacks in the diaspora. I can hear the voices of those ancestors calling me. As Talbot (1984) notes, ââ¬Å"Our race memory must be with spirit of those of the cr
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